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Materials

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Displaying 1351 - 1375 of 2343

Advances in shape measurement in the digital world

March 22, 2016
Author(s)
Edward Garboczi, Xiaodong Jia
The importance of particle shape in affecting the behaviour of powders and other particulate systems has long been recognised, but until fairly recently particle shape information has been rather difficult to obtain and use compared to its more well-known

Laser Welding of Dual-Phase Galvanized Sheet Steel

March 18, 2016
Author(s)
Stephanie L. Miller, Erik A. Pfeif, Andrei F. Kazakov, Esther Baumann, Marla L. Dowell
Laser welding has many advantages over traditional joining methods, but remains underutilized. NIST has undertaken an initiative to improve predictions of weldability, reliability, and performance of laser welds. This study investigates butt welding of

Chapter 7: Quantitative Assessment of Stress Relaxation in Tin Films by the Formation of Whiskers, Hillocks, and Other Surface Defects

March 15, 2016
Author(s)
Nicholas Clore, Dennis D. Fritz, Wei-Hsun Chen, Maureen E. Williams, John E. Blendell, Carol A. Handwerker
This chapter focuses on a study to develop & validate a surface defect counting procedure to be applied in research on the specific mechanisms responsible for stress relaxation & tin whisker formation in tin films. The current JEDEC standards [1,2] for the

Surface conductance of graphene from non-contact resonant cavity

March 15, 2016
Author(s)
Jan Obrzut, Caglar Dogu Emiroglu, Oleg A. Kirillov, Yanfei Yang, Randolph E. Elmquist
A method is established to reliably determine surface conductance of single-layer or multi-layer atomically thin nano-carbon graphene structures. These can be synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), epitaxial growth on silicon carbide (SiC)

Data Infrastructure for High Throughput Materials Discovery

March 7, 2016
Author(s)
Erik A. Pfeif, Kenneth G. Kroenlein
Increases in computational capability enabled sophisticated materials design to evolve from trial-and-error approaches towards more informed methodologies that require large amounts of data. Expert designed tools and their underlying databases facilitate

Real-time Photoluminescence Studies of Thin Film Formation in Organic Solar Cells

February 29, 2016
Author(s)
Sebastian Engmann, Felicia A. Bokel, Hyun W. Ro, Dean M. DeLongchamp, Lee J. Richter
We present a method to study the structural evolution of organic bulk-heterojunctions via real-time, in-situ, steady state photoluminescence (PL). In-situ PL, in combination with real-time transmission and reflection measurements, allowed us to

The Structural Origin of Electron Injection Enhancements with Fulleropyrrolidine Interlayers

February 25, 2016
Author(s)
Lee J. Richter, Hyunbok Lee, Christopher McNeil, Eliot Gann, Lars Thomsen, S. Park, J. Jeong, Z. A. Page, Egle Puodziukynaite, Todd Emrick, Alejandro Briseno, John C. Stephenson, Dean M. DeLongchamp
Market demand for ubiquitous, increased functionality products at low cost (the internet of things) is spurring development in additive, solution processing of electronic devices. Performance in thin-film functional devices, be they transistors, diodes, or

Interlaboratory study towards a climate-specific test: spectroscopic characterizations of EVA in glass/EVA/glass systems

February 23, 2016
Author(s)
Jae Hyun Kim, Christopher M. Stafford, Yadong Lyu, Li C. Yu, Chiao-Chi Lin, Tinh Nguyen, Xiaohong Gu
EVA as an encapsulant material is exposed to various UV irradiation, thermal cycles, and humidity conditions. Degradation of EVA can reduce not only power generation due to yellowing, but also a structural integrity of a PV module. In order to investigate

Vertical 2D/3D Semiconductor Heterostructures based on Epitaxial Molybdenum Disulfide and Gallium Nitride

February 19, 2016
Author(s)
Dmitry A. Ruzmetov, Kehao Zhang, Gheorghe Stan, Berc Kalanyan, Ganesh R. Bhimanapati, Sarah M. Eichfeld, R A. Burke, Pankaj B. Shah, Terrance P. O'Regan, Frank J. Crowne, A. Glen Birdwell, Joshua A. Robinson, Albert Davydov, Tony G. Ivanov
When designing semiconductor heterostructures, it is expected that epitaxial alignment will facilitate low-defect interfaces and efficient vertical transport. Here, we report lattice-matched epitaxial growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoSub2) directly on

Assessing Electron Backscattered Diffraction and Confocal Raman Microscopy Strain Mapping Using Wedge-indented Si

February 17, 2016
Author(s)
Lawrence Henry Friedman, Mark D. Vaudin, Stephan J. Stranick, Gheorghe Stan, Yvonne B. Gerbig, William Alexander Osborn, Robert F. Cook
The accuracy of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) for small-scale strain mapping are assessed using the multi-axial strain field surrounding a wedge indentation in Si as a test vehicle. The strain field is

Super Stiff and Highly Transparent Multilayer Thin Films Prepared through Hydrogen-Bonding Layer- by-Layer Assembly of Graphene and Polymer

February 8, 2016
Author(s)
Fangming Xiang, Dorsa Parviz, Tara M. Givens, Ping Tzeng, Eric Davis, Christopher Stafford, Micah J. Green, Jaime C. Grunlan
Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has been intensely studied due to its high elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and gas impermeability. Although it is possible to use small quantities of graphene sheets for fundamental

On the Solidification of Multicomponent Alloys

February 1, 2016
Author(s)
William J. Boettinger
Various topics taken from the author's research portfolio that involve multicomponent alloy solidification will be reviewed. Topics include: ternary eutectic solidification and Scheil-Gulliver paths in ternary systems. A case study of the solidification of

Polymer Glass-Formation in Variable Dimension

January 14, 2016
Author(s)
Jack F. Douglas, Freed Karl, Wensheng Xu
We explore the nature of glass-formation in variable spatial dimensionality (d) based on the generalized entropy theory, a synthesis of the Adam-Gibbs model with direct computation of the configurational entropy of polymer fluids using an established

Fe-catalyzed etching of exfoliated graphite through carbon hydrogenation

January 8, 2016
Author(s)
Guangjun Cheng, Christina A. Hacker, Curt A. Richter, Angela R. Hight Walker
We present an investigation on the etching of graphite catalyzed by the particles produced by dewetting Fe thin films on graphite in forming gas. Raman mapping of the etched graphite shows the thickness variation in the etched channels and reveals that the

Unexpected ?-Phase Formation in Additive Manufactured Ni-based Super Alloy

January 8, 2016
Author(s)
Yaakov S. Idell, Lyle E. Levine, Andrew J. Allen, Fan Zhang, Carelyn E. Campbell, Greg Olson, Jiadong Gong, David Snyder
An as-built and solutionized Ni-based super alloy built by additive manufacturing through a direct metal laser sintering technique is characterized to understand the microstructural differences as compared to the as-wrought alloy. The rapid solidification

Structure of Periodic Crystals and Quasicrystals in Ultrathin Films of Ba-Ti-O

January 7, 2016
Author(s)
Eric J. Cockayne, Marek Mihalkovic, Christopher L. Henley
We model the remarkable thin-film Ba-Ti-O structures formed by heat treatment of an initial perovskite BaTiO$_3$ thin film on a Pt(111) surface. All structures contain a rumpled Ti-O network with all Ti threefold coordinated with O, and with Ba occupying

ASTM Workshop on Standards & Measurements for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

January 1, 2016
Author(s)
Carl G. Simon Jr., John Test, Michael Yaszemski, Reto Luginbuehl, Anthony Ratcliffe, Paul Tomlins
A “Workshop on Standards & Measurements for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds” was held on May 21, 2013 and was sponsored by the American Society of Testing and Materials International (ASTM International) in Indianapolis, IN. The purpose of the workshop was to
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