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Fire

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Displaying 1226 - 1250 of 3910

Chapter 2Combustion Products and Their Effects on Life Safety

June 30, 2008
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Nelson P. Bryner
All combustibles produce heat and smoke that, in sufficiently high concentration, may be hazardous to life safety. Incapacitation can result from exposure to the asphyxiant gases, irritant gases, and heat. Irritant gases and visible smoke can reduce a

Smoke Control and Occupant Evacuation at the World Trade Center

June 21, 2008
Author(s)
M J. Ferreira, S M. Strege, Richard Peacock, Jason D. Averill
This paper examines smoke control and occupant evacuation in WTC 1 and WTC 2 on September 11, 2001focusing on the impact region and above for each tower. Approximately 2,000 individuals were at or above the area of impact in WTC 1 and WTC 2 who did not

Catalytic Inhibition of Laminar Flames by Transition Metal Compounds

June 1, 2008
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, M D. Rumminger, Valeri I. Babushok
Some of the most effective flame inhibitors ever found are metallic compounds. Their effectiveness, however, drops off rapidly with an increase of agent concentration, and varies widely with flame type. Iron pentacarbonyl, for example, can be up to two

A Line-Based Obstacle Avoidance Technique for Dexterous Manipulator Operations

May 19, 2008
Author(s)
Nicholas A. Scott, Craig R. Carignan
Cameras are often used for visual servoing or realtime mapping of the external environment in both autonomous and teleoperated tasks with a dexterous manipulator. Nominal operations will likely produce manipulator configurations that occlude the line-of

Firefighting Technology Research at NIST

May 1, 2008
Author(s)
Daniel M. Madrzykowski, Stephen Kerber
During the past year, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has continued work on many projects and started a few new efforts to improve firefighter safety. In addition to the research projects listed below, the Fire Fighting Technology

On the Development and Characterization of a Firebrand Generator

May 1, 2008
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, John R. Shields, Thomas G. Cleary, Alexander Maranghides, William E. Mell, Jiann C. Yang, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Daisaku Nii, Tsuyoshi Kurita
A unique experimental apparatus has been constructed in order to generate a controlled and repeatable size and mass distribution of glowing firebrands. The present study reports on a series of experiments conducted in order to characterize the performance

A Simple Model of Thermally-Induced Electrical Cable Failure

April 2, 2008
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Kristopher Overholt
A simple thermal model to predict the failure of electrical power, instrument, and control cables is described. The model is intended as a subroutine for deterministic fire models, and it is of comparable accuracy and simplicity to the activation

TOWARDS A TEST METHOD FOR HYDROGEN SENSOR PERFORMANCE

April 2, 2008
Author(s)
Nathan D. Marsh, Thomas G. Cleary
As part of an effort to develop standard test methods for the performance of commercial hydrogen sensors, we employed the Fire Emulator / Detector Evaluator, an instrumented flow system designed to study the response of fire detectors (smoke, heat, gas)

BACnet for Utilities and Metering

April 1, 2008
Author(s)
David G. Holmberg, Steven T. Bushby, James J. Butler
The BACnet standard has been expanded to include new object types that are intended for metering and demand management applications, as well as a web services specification that allows any outside service provider access to BAS data. Since the most common

Energy Balance in a Large Compartment Fire

April 1, 2008
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) are collaborating to assess and validate fire computer codes for nuclear power plant applications. This evaluation is being conducted through a series of

Experimental Investigation of Firebrands: Generation and Ignition of Fuel Beds

April 1, 2008
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Thomas G. Cleary, John R. Shields, Alexander Maranghides, William E. Mell, Jiann C. Yang
A series of real scale fire experiments were performed to determine the size and mass distribution of firebrands generated from Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees. The results of the real scale fire experiments were used to determine firebrand sizes

ASTM E-57 3D Imaging Systems Committee: An Update

March 19, 2008
Author(s)
Alan M. Lytle, Geraldine S. Cheok, Kamel S. Saidi
In 2006, ASTM committee E57 was established to develop standards for the performance evaluation of 3D imaging systems. The committee's initial focus is on standards for 3D imaging systems typically used for applications including, but not limited to

ASTM E57 3D Imaging Systems Committee: An Update

March 19, 2008
Author(s)
Geraldine S. Cheok, Alan M. Lytle, Kamel S. Saidi
In 2006, an ASTM committee (E57) was established to develop standards for the performance evaluation of 3D imaging systems. The initial focus for the committee is on standards for 3D imaging systems typically used for applications including, but not
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