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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 1201 - 1225 of 3873

A Simple Model of Thermally-Induced Electrical Cable Failure

April 2, 2008
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Kristopher Overholt
A simple thermal model to predict the failure of electrical power, instrument, and control cables is described. The model is intended as a subroutine for deterministic fire models, and it is of comparable accuracy and simplicity to the activation

TOWARDS A TEST METHOD FOR HYDROGEN SENSOR PERFORMANCE

April 2, 2008
Author(s)
Nathan D. Marsh, Thomas G. Cleary
As part of an effort to develop standard test methods for the performance of commercial hydrogen sensors, we employed the Fire Emulator / Detector Evaluator, an instrumented flow system designed to study the response of fire detectors (smoke, heat, gas)

BACnet for Utilities and Metering

April 1, 2008
Author(s)
David G. Holmberg, Steven T. Bushby, James J. Butler
The BACnet standard has been expanded to include new object types that are intended for metering and demand management applications, as well as a web services specification that allows any outside service provider access to BAS data. Since the most common

Energy Balance in a Large Compartment Fire

April 1, 2008
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) are collaborating to assess and validate fire computer codes for nuclear power plant applications. This evaluation is being conducted through a series of

Experimental Investigation of Firebrands: Generation and Ignition of Fuel Beds

April 1, 2008
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Thomas G. Cleary, John R. Shields, Alexander Maranghides, William E. Mell, Jiann C. Yang
A series of real scale fire experiments were performed to determine the size and mass distribution of firebrands generated from Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees. The results of the real scale fire experiments were used to determine firebrand sizes

ASTM E-57 3D Imaging Systems Committee: An Update

March 19, 2008
Author(s)
Alan M. Lytle, Geraldine S. Cheok, Kamel S. Saidi
In 2006, ASTM committee E57 was established to develop standards for the performance evaluation of 3D imaging systems. The committee's initial focus is on standards for 3D imaging systems typically used for applications including, but not limited to

ASTM E57 3D Imaging Systems Committee: An Update

March 19, 2008
Author(s)
Geraldine S. Cheok, Alan M. Lytle, Kamel S. Saidi
In 2006, an ASTM committee (E57) was established to develop standards for the performance evaluation of 3D imaging systems. The initial focus for the committee is on standards for 3D imaging systems typically used for applications including, but not

Analysis of Thermodynamic Processes Involving Hydrogen

March 5, 2008
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, Marcia L. Huber
The effect of thermal exposures on several thermodynamic processes involving the storage and use of hydrogen has been examined using the NIST REFPROP database. The thermal environment could be the result of a fire or other thermal events. The thermodynamic

Micro Effects for Single Phase Pressure Drop In Microchannels

March 3, 2008
Author(s)
Dong H. Han, Mark A. Kedzierski
This paper investigates the significance of several micro-effects that have been proposed to influence pressure drop measurements in microchannels. Pressure drop measurements were made for liquid flow within tubular microchannels nominally ranging in

Condensadores de Tubo con Aletas Optimizacion Mediante Sistema Inteligente

February 1, 2008
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski, David A. Yashar
The refrigerant circuitry influences a heat exchanger's attainable capacity. Typically, a design engineer specifies a circuitry and validates it using a simulation model or laboratory test. The circuitry optimization process can be improved by using

Required Safe Egress Time: Data and Modeling

January 1, 2008
Author(s)
Jason D. Averill, Paul A. Reneke, Richard D. Peacock
This paper identifies sources of uncertainty in RSET (required safe egress time) calculations, with focus on data and modeling. A model for efficiently calculating the range of egress solutions for a particular design is presented. Three recommendations

Air-Side Velocity Distribution in Finned-Tube Heat Exchangers

December 17, 2007
Author(s)
David A. Yashar, Hong H. Cho
The performance of finned tube heat exchangers is greatly affected by the distribution of the air that passes through it. The air side velocity distribution is largely left unknown because it is difficult to measure accurately. In this study, we examined

Application of an Evolution Program for Refrigerant Circuitry Optimization

December 7, 2007
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski, David A. Yashar
Increased concerns about climate change have emphasized the importance of air-conditioning and refrigeration systems with a high coefficient of performance (COP). The effectiveness of heat exchangers significantly influences the vapor-compression system s
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