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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 1176 - 1200 of 3873

Chapter 2Combustion Products and Their Effects on Life Safety

June 30, 2008
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Nelson P. Bryner
All combustibles produce heat and smoke that, in sufficiently high concentration, may be hazardous to life safety. Incapacitation can result from exposure to the asphyxiant gases, irritant gases, and heat. Irritant gases and visible smoke can reduce a

R-22 Replacement Status (in Russian)

June 25, 2008
Author(s)
J M. Calm, Piotr A. Domanski
Since its initial recognition in 1928 and commercialization in 1936, R-22 has been applied in systems ranging from the smallest window air conditioners to the largest chillers and heat pumps, including those for district cooling and heating. Individual

Boiling with Refrigerants and Nanolubricants

June 24, 2008
Author(s)
Mark A. Kedzierski
Is it possible to improve refrigerant/lubricant boiling with nanoparticles? If so, what size of particles should be used? What s the particle material and in what concentration should they be applied to obtain the best improvement in performance? These are

Smoke Control and Occupant Evacuation at the World Trade Center

June 21, 2008
Author(s)
M J. Ferreira, S M. Strege, Richard Peacock, Jason D. Averill
This paper examines smoke control and occupant evacuation in WTC 1 and WTC 2 on September 11, 2001focusing on the impact region and above for each tower. Approximately 2,000 individuals were at or above the area of impact in WTC 1 and WTC 2 who did not

ASTM E57 - 3D Imaging Systems

June 4, 2008
Author(s)
Geraldine S. Cheok, Alan M. Lytle, Kamel S. Saidi
As the applications for 3D imaging systems continue to grow, the need for standards to evaluate these systems has become more critical. The ASTM E57 3D Imaging committee established in 2006 was formed specifically to develop standard terminology, test

Catalytic Inhibition of Laminar Flames by Transition Metal Compounds

June 1, 2008
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, M D. Rumminger, Valeri I. Babushok
Some of the most effective flame inhibitors ever found are metallic compounds. Their effectiveness, however, drops off rapidly with an increase of agent concentration, and varies widely with flame type. Iron pentacarbonyl, for example, can be up to two

A Line-Based Obstacle Avoidance Technique for Dexterous Manipulator Operations

May 19, 2008
Author(s)
Nicholas A. Scott, Craig R. Carignan
Cameras are often used for visual servoing or realtime mapping of the external environment in both autonomous and teleoperated tasks with a dexterous manipulator. Nominal operations will likely produce manipulator configurations that occlude the line-of

THE ROLE OF CAMERA NETWORKS IN CONSTRUCTION AUTOMATION

May 7, 2008
Author(s)
Itai Katz, Kamel S. Saidi, Alan M. Lytle
Due to the complexity and variability of capital construction sites, real-time monitoring remains an elusive goal. As unit price continues to fall, camera networks are becoming increasingly viable sensing modalities. The benefits of combining multiple

Firefighting Technology Research at NIST

May 1, 2008
Author(s)
Daniel M. Madrzykowski, Stephen Kerber
During the past year, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has continued work on many projects and started a few new efforts to improve firefighter safety. In addition to the research projects listed below, the Fire Fighting Technology

On the Development and Characterization of a Firebrand Generator

May 1, 2008
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, John R. Shields, Thomas G. Cleary, Alexander Maranghides, William E. Mell, Jiann C. Yang, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Daisaku Nii, Tsuyoshi Kurita
A unique experimental apparatus has been constructed in order to generate a controlled and repeatable size and mass distribution of glowing firebrands. The present study reports on a series of experiments conducted in order to characterize the performance

Measured Performance of Three Residential Fuel Cell Systems

April 29, 2008
Author(s)
Mark W. Davis
Under a program to develop a consumer-oriented rating methodology for residential cogeneration fuel cells, the performance of three systems was characterized in the NIST Residential Fuel Cell Test Facility. These systems differed with respect to the type
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