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Bioscience

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Displaying 426 - 450 of 1242

Surface plasmon resonance microscopy: achieving a quantitative optical response

September 7, 2016
Author(s)
Alexander Peterson, Michael Halter, Anne Plant, John Elliott
Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) allows real-time label-free imaging based on index of refraction, and changes in index of refraction at an interface. SPRI can be carried out on a microscope by launching light into a sample, and collecting

Inhibition of DNA glycosylases in development of cancer therapeutics

September 4, 2016
Author(s)
M Miral Dizdar, Pawel Jaruga, Erdem Coskun, Marcus J. Calkins, Nathan Donley, Dorjbal Dorjsuren, Anton Simeonov, Amanda K. McCullough, R S. Lloyd, Ajit Jadhav
In cancer therapy, the efficacy of therapeutic agents may be influenced by increased DNA repair capacity. This may be due to overexpression of DNA repair proteins that repair therapy-induced DNA lesions in tumors before they become toxic. Inhibition of DNA

Certified DNA Reference Materials to Compare HER2 Gene Amplification Measurements Using Next- Generation Sequencing Methods

September 1, 2016
Author(s)
Chih-Jian Lih, Robin D. Harrington, Kneshay Harper, David J. Sims, Paul McGregor, Corinne Camalier, Han Si, Biswajit Das, P. M. Williams, Hua-Jun He, Jamie L. Almeida, Steven Lund, Steven J. Choquette, Kenneth D. Cole
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials 2373 is a set of genomic DNA samples prepared from five breast cancer cell lines with certified values for the ratio of the HER2 gene copy number to the copy numbers of

The Comet Assay: Methods for Quantitative Image Analysis and Reproducibility

September 1, 2016
Author(s)
Donald H. Atha, Signe Braafladt, Vytautas Reipa
The comet assay,or single cell gel electrophoresis,is a sensitive and efficient technique for analyzing DNA damage in the form of single and double strand breaks in single cells. DNA alteration,from strand breaks,can lead to cancer and other health risks

NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program Winter, Spring, and Fall 1988 Comparability Studies: Results for Round Robins XII, XIII, and XIV Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Carotenoids in Human Serum

August 29, 2016
Author(s)
Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, David L. Duewer, Margaret C. Kline, Willie E. May
The National Institute of Standards and Technology coordinates the Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program (MMQAP) for laboratories that measure fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in human serum and plasma. This report describes the design

NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program Winter, Spring, and Fall 1989 Comparability Studies: Results for Round Robins XV, XVI, and XVII Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Carotenoids in Human Serum

August 29, 2016
Author(s)
Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, David L. Duewer, Margaret C. Kline, Willie E. May, Neal E. Craft
The National Institute of Standards and Technology coordinates the Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program (MMQAP) for laboratories that measure fat -soluble vitamins and carotenoids in human serum and plasma. This report describes the design

Roles of Nanofiber Scaffold Structure and Chemistry in Directing Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Response

August 22, 2016
Author(s)
Sumona Sarkar, Bryan A. Baker, Desu Chen, Patrick S. Pine, Jennifer H. McDaniel, Marc L. Salit, Wolfgang Losert, Carl G. Simon Jr., Joy P. Dunkers
Nanofiber technology has emerged as a promising tool to recapitulate the native extracellular matrix structure; however the properties of nanofibers governing cell-material interactions are still largely undetermined. In this study we have systematically

NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program Summer 2015 Comparability Studies: Results for Round Robin LXXVIII Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Carotenoids in Human Serum and Round Robin 43 Ascorbic Acid in Human Serum

July 28, 2016
Author(s)
Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, David L. Duewer
The National Institute of Standards and Technology coordinates the Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program (MMQAP) for laboratories that measure fat- and water-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in human serum and plasma. This report describes

NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program Winter 2015 Comparability Studies: Results for Round Robin LXXVII Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Carotenoids in Human Serum and Round Robin 42 Ascorbic Acid in Human Serum

July 28, 2016
Author(s)
Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, David L. Duewer
The National Institute of Standards and Technology coordinates the Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program (MMQAP) for laboratories that measure fat- and water-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in human serum and plasma. This report describes

A New Molecular Model for Lithium's Biological Interactions

July 25, 2016
Author(s)
John Marino, Katharine T. Briggs, Gary G. Giulian, Joe Kao, Gong Li
Lithium carbonate, a drug for the treatment of Bipolar Disorder, provides mood stability to mitigate recurrent episodes of mania and/or depression. Despite its long term and widespread use, the mechanism by which lithium acts to elicit these psychological

Anti-corrosive influence of Acetobacter biofilms on carbon steel

July 19, 2016
Author(s)
Danielle C. France
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of carbon steel infrastructure is an emerging cost issue for the ethanol fuel industry. One bacterial species found in ethanol fuel environments, Acetobacter aceti, can convert ethanol to the corrosive species

Machine Learning Strategy to Determine Cell Shape Phenotypes Associated with Micro-Environmental Cues

June 25, 2016
Author(s)
Desu Chen, Sumona Sarkar, Julian Candia, Carl G. Simon Jr., Wolfgang Losert, Joy P. Dunkers, Stephen J. Florczyk, Subhadip Bodhak, Meghan Driscoll
Cell morphology has been identified as a potential indicator of stem cell response and function in biomaterial environments. However, determination of cell shape phenotype in biomaterials is complicated by heterogeneous cell populations, heterogeneous

Identification of novel N-glycosylation sites at non-canonical protein consensus motifs

June 14, 2016
Author(s)
Mark S. Lowenthal, Kiersta S. Davis, Lisa E. Kilpatrick, Catherine A. Mouchahoir, Karen W. Phinney
N-glycosylation is well known to occur at asparagine residues in the canonical consensus sequence N-X-S/T, but has also been identified at a small number of N-X-C motifs including the Asn491 residue of human serotransferrin. Here we report additional novel

Extensive sequencing of seven human genomes to characterize benchmark reference materials

June 7, 2016
Author(s)
Justin M. Zook, Jennifer H. McDaniel, David N. Catoe, Lindsay Harris, Marc L. Salit
The Genome in a Bottle Consortium hosted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, (NIST), is creating reference materials and data for human genome sequencing, as well as methods for genome comparison and benchmarking. Here, we describe a

Measurement of DNA repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in human tissues by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with isotope dilution

June 5, 2016
Author(s)
Pawel Jaruga, Guldal Kirkali, Prasad T. Reddy, Alessandro Tona, Bryant C. Nelson, Li Mengxia, David M. Wilson III, Erdem Coskun, M Miral Dizdar
Introduction DNA repair proteins may be used as biomarkers in disease etiology and therapy. Thus, the accurate determination of DNA repair protein expression and genotype in human tissues is of fundamental importance. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1

Strategies for Achieving Measurement Assurance for Cell Therapy Products

June 1, 2016
Author(s)
Carl G. Simon Jr., Anne L. Plant, Sumona Sarkar, John T. Elliott, Sheng Lin-Gibson
Cell therapy products (CTPs) need quantitative, validated, and robust assays to support informed decision making during their development, manufacturing, and regulation. These products, the materials involved in their production and the methods for

DNA Damage and Repair in Cancer

May 26, 2016
Author(s)
M Miral Dizdar
Oxygen- and nitrogen-derived reactive species are constantly generated in living organisms by endogenous and exogenous sources. Reactions of reactive species such as free radicals with DNA cause the formation of multiple mutagenic and cytotoxic lesions
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