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Projects/Programs

Keyword

Organizational Unit

Applied: X-ray Detection with Large Area Avalanche Photodiodes for the Neutron Radiative Decay Experiment

Completed

The primary photon detector was a 12-element array of scintillating crystals coupled to avalanche photodiodes (APDs) which operated between 10 and 700 keV. The overall energy range for the experiment was extended with a three-element array of large area APDs to directly detect X-rays with energies

Argon mini-arc meets its match: Use of a laser-driven plasma source in ultraviolet-detector calibrations

Ongoing

Many national measurement institutes, like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), provide radiometric detector and source calibration services, which span the optical portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical radiation includes the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared

Atom Manipulation with the Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Ongoing

Manipulation of single atoms with the scanning tunneling microscope is made possible through the controlled and tunable interaction between the atoms at the end of the STM probe tip and the single atom (adatom) on a surface that is being manipulated. In the STM tunneling junction used for atom

Atom Probe Tomography: Nanostructured Semiconductor Materials, Interfaces, and Devices

Ongoing

Atom probe tomography (APT) is a unique analytical tool capable of providing 3D atomic maps of any element in the periodic table with sub-nm spatial resolution and high analytical sensitivity (in the ppm range, in some cases). APT is currently employed by many of the largest semiconductor

Atom-based Silicon Quantum Electronics

Ongoing

This project is developing atomically precise, atom-based electronic devices for use in quantum information processing and analog quantum simulation. We are developing the fabrication, measurement, and modeling methods needed to realize single atom, spin-based qubits in silicon as an integrated

Atomic Spectroscopy Data Center

Ongoing

The Atomic Spectroscopic Data Center at NIST provides the most comprehensive collection of atomic spectroscopy data in the world. We monitor scientific literature and maintain bibliographic databases of all papers containing spectroscopic data. By evaluating and compiling data on energy levels

Atomic Standard for Pressure

Ongoing

Atomic physicists have calculated the pressure p( n, T) of helium gas as a function of the gas's temperature T and its refractive index at microwave frequencies, n. Near room temperature and 4 MPa, the fractional uncertainties from the calculations, the impurities in helium, state-of-art

Atomic-force microscopy

Ongoing

Atomic-force microscopy enables subnanometer imaging resolution, to extract geometric parameters of reference structures that advance measurement science, and to quantify the accuracy of device design and fabrication for stakeholders. We are advancing two primary atomic-force microscopy systems

Basic Metrology: Advancing Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio Liquid Scintillation Counting

Ongoing

The NIST triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) liquid scintillation counter. NIST implements the TDCR method with custom-built instrumentation. The system used routinely for activity standardizations is based on an optical chamber designed for 20 mL scintillation vials and uses field

Basic Metrology: Alpha-Gamma Counting for High Accuracy Neutron Fluence Measurement

Ongoing

The absolute fluence of a monochromatic neutron beam has been measured with a totally absorbing alpha-gamma counter. The counter absorbs the entire beam in an enriched 10B 4C target and infers the incident neutron rate by counting gamma-rays from the reaction n + 10B → 7Li + α + γ (478 keV) with

Basic Metrology: Applications of Diagnostic X-ray Spectrometers

Ongoing

These have been fielded to help characterize the performance and x-ray spectra from advanced medical x-ray sources, laser-produced plasmas, terawatt pulsed accelerators, electron cyclotron resonance ion sources, electron-beam ion traps, intense ultrafast laser sources, and inverse-Compton

Basic Metrology (Archive): Blind Measurement Comparisons of the USA and UK Pb-210 National Standards

Completed

The solutions from each laboratory were linked to their primary standardizations and national standards. Measurements by NIST on both solutions were performed by three methods: viz., liquid scintillation (LS) standardizations (with 3H-standard efficiency tracing); with relative photonic emission

Basic Metrology (Archive): Fit-for-purpose liquid scintillators

Completed

It is now common to use surfactants to entrain aqueous metal salts in organic scintillators. This is crucial for radioactivity measurements because most radionuclides of interest are metals. More, non-metal radionuclides encountered in the environment or in medicine are nearly always in aqueous form

Basic Metrology (Archive): New Standardization of Ra-228

Completed

Radium-228 has a half-life of (5.75 years) and decays by emitting a beta particle. It is a radioactive decay product in the thorium-232 decay series, a very difficult and complex decay chain: 232Th→ 228Ra → 228Ac → 228Th → 224Ra → 220Rn → 216Po → 212Pb → 212Bi → 208Tl → 208Pb(stable); with a sub

Basic Metrology (Archive): New Statistical Analysis Tools

Completed

Several new powerful analysis programs, based on specific requests and evaluations by the RG members, have been developed by the SED collaborators. These tools are now available on the internal NIST web site. It is intended that they will eventually be made available to the general public. The new

Basic Metrology (Archive): Primary Radioactivity Standardization of Ni-63

Completed

Generally, 63Ni has great utility as a low-energy β - calibration standard because of the favorable combination of long half-life (T = 100 a) and β - endpoint energy. Primary standardizations of 63Ni have been actively pursued by national radionuclidic metrology laboratories for over 40 years. As a

Basic Metrology (Archive): Radon Binding to Water-Soluble Cryptophane

Completed

In collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania, a 222Rn emanation sources, similar to the NIST 222Rn emanation standard (SRM 4968, NIST, 1996) was found to have a unique and novel application in a radon-in-water generator for the determination of the binding affinity of radon to a cryptophane

Basic Metrology (Archive): Standardization of Am-243

Completed

The radionuclide 243Am decays by alpha emission and it is the most stable of the americium isotopes however, is not found in nature. It is formed in the nuclear fuel cycle by neutron capture on 242Pu followed by beta decay. It is used as a monitor for radioactive contamination and as a tracer on

Basic Metrology: Comparison of NIST-1 and NIST-3 Standard Ampoules

Ongoing

Exhaustive comparisons of the NIST-1 and NIST-3 ampoules are underway. Ion chamber evaluations have been completed for 99Mo, 133Ba, 241Am, 201Tl, and 67Ga. HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry evaluations have been completed for 99Mo, 133Ba, 241Am, 201Tl, and 67Ga. Many more evaluations are in the design /

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Basic Metrology: Design and Construction of a New Cs-137 Gamma-ray Calibration Facility

Completed

The new facility was built from the ground up, starting with an empty room, based on original design specifications developed by the Dosimetry Group at NIST. It is divided into two areas (control and irradiation) that are isolated from each other. The irradiation area contains a new 137Cs gamma-beam

Basic Metrology: Dose/Dose-Rate Effects in Alanine Dosimetry

Ongoing

Check standards are used by the NIST Radiation Physics Division to monitor the performance of the alanine dosimetry system which is central to its high-dose transfer dosimetry service. These measurements are performed to confirm the operational readiness of the calibration curve. Deviations from the

Basic Metrology: High-Dose Dosimetry Uncertainty Tables

Ongoing

Gammacell™ Calibration Geometry Dose Rate Uncertainty Source Type A (%) Type B (%) Water Calorimetry in Vertical Beam 0.16 0.51 Gammacell/Pool Source Ratio Data 0.10 Pool/B036 Source Ratio Data 0.17 Geometry Correction Factor 0.11 Field Uniformity 0.01 Source Timer (irrad time > 8min) 0.20 Co-60

Basic Metrology: High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy

Ongoing

X-ray sources of interest include Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT), Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS), and laser-produced plasma ion sources, including the new generation of petawatt lasers. In support of these efforts, we also maintain laboratory x-ray sources from 1 keV to 300 keV

Basic Metrology: Neutron Cross Section Standards

Ongoing

Data from a number of NIST collaborations have produced measurements for the standards program. Measurements are underway now at NIST of the 6Li(n,t) and 235U(n,f) cross sections at sub-thermal energy. These will be the first absolute measurements of these cross sections in this energy region. These

Basic Metrology: NIST-3 Standard Ampoules and Automatic Tip Sealing

Ongoing

Report NISTIR 8254 referenced above was intended to document and archive the historical record for the acquisition and testing of standardized ampoules used by the NIST / NBS Radioactivity Group since the 1950s. These ampoules were intended to contain 5 mL of solutions of radionuclides decaying with

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Advanced communications
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Buildings and Construction
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Chemistry
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Electronics
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Environment
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Forensic Science
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Health
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Information technology
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Infrastructure
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-Manufacturing systems design and analysis
-Monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics
-Process improvement
-Process measurement and control
-Product data
-Robotics in manufacturing
--Agility and adaptability
--Collaborative robots
--Dexterous grasping
--Manipulation
--Mobility and industrial autonomous vehicles
--Navigation / actuation / control
--Sensing and perception
-Supply chain
-Sustainable manufacturing
-Systems engineering
-Systems integration
-Technology commercialization
Materials
-Ceramics
-Composites
-Concrete / cement
-Materials characterization
--Composition and structure
--Mechanical properties
--Thermal properties
-Metals
-Modeling and computational material science
-Polymers
-Superconductors
Mathematics and statistics
-Experiment design
-Image and signal processing
-Modeling and simulation research
-Numerical methods and software
-Statistical analysis
-Uncertainty quantification
Metrology
-Amount of substance
-Dimensional metrology
-Electrical / electromagnetic metrology
-Flow metrology and rheology
-Force metrology
-Humidity metrology
-Ionizing radiation metrology
-Mass metrology
-Metric
-Optical / photometry / laser metrology
-Pressure and vacuum metrology
-Thermometry metrology
-Time and frequency metrology
-Weights and measures
Nanotechnology
-Nanobiotechnology
-Nanochemistry
-Nanoelectronics
-Nanofabrication / manufacturing
--Lithography
--Self-assembly
-Nanofluidics
-Nanomagnetics
-Nanomaterials
-Nanomechanics
-Nanometrology
-Nanophotonics
-Nanophysics
-Nanoplasmonics
Neutron research
Performance excellence
-Assessment tools and services
-Baldrige award
-Baldrige examiners
-Baldrige Framework and Criteria
-Best practices
-Leadership development
Physics
-Atomic / molecular / quantum
-Biological physics
-Condensed matter
-Electron physics
-Magnetics
-Nuclear physics
-Optical physics and communications
-Quantum information science
-Radiation
-Spectroscopy
-Thermodynamics
-Time and frequency
Public safety
-Chemical / Biological / Radiological / Nuclear / Explosives (CBRNE)
-First responder preparedness
-Law enforcement
-Public safety communications research
-Response robots
Resilience
-Community resilience
-Disaster and failure studies
-Earthquake risk reduction
-Resilience economics
-Resilient materials
-Windstorm impact reduction
Standards
-Accreditation
-Calibration services
-Conformity assessment
-Documentary standards
-Frameworks
-Quality assurance
-Reference data
-Reference instruments
-Reference materials
-Standards education
Technology transfer
Transportation
-Aerospace
-Automotive