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Search Publications by: George Mulholland (Assoc)

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Displaying 51 - 75 of 104

Light Scattering Characteristics and Size Distribution of Smoke and Nuisance Aerosols

June 16, 2003
Author(s)
D W. Weinert, Thomas Cleary, George W. Mulholland, P F. Beever
This paper presents the differential mass scattering cross section [m 2multiply by}g -1multiply by}sr -1] of various non-flaming and flaming fire generated smoke aerosols as well as nuisance aerosols created in the Fire Emulator/Detector Evaluator. These

Measurement of Soot Extinction Coefficients

June 16, 2003
Author(s)
J F. Widmann, Jiann C. Yang, George W. Mulholland, Anthony P. Hamins
An experimental apparatus used to obtain soot extinction coefficients in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum will be presented. Numerous experimental measurements of soot extinction coefficients have been previously obtained at visible

Report of Test on Experimental Conditions and Preliminary Results for the International Fire Model Benchmarking And Validation Exercise #3

June 1, 2003
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, Alexander Maranghides, Erik L. Johnsson, Michelle K. Donnelly, Jiann C. Yang, George W. Mulholland
As part of its Fire Risk Research Program, the NRC (Nuclear regulatory Commission) and NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) are participating in an International Collaborative Fire Model Project (ICFMP) to assess and validate fire computer

Soot Inception in a Well Stirred Reactor

March 19, 2003
Author(s)
L G. Blevins, K A. Jensen, R A. Ristau, N Y. Yang, C W. Frayne, R C. Striebich, M J. DeWitt, S D. Stouffer, E J. Lee, Robert A. Fletcher, J M. Oran, Joseph M. Conny, George W. Mulholland
Soot samples collected from a well stirred reactor operating with ethylene/air equivalence ratios of 1.9, 2.0, and 2.1 were examined to determine yield, size distribution, morphology, and composition. For F = 1.9, particles are absent. For F = 2.0 and 2.1

Airborne Smoke Sampling Package for Field Measurements of Fires

March 1, 2003
Author(s)
James R. Lawson, George W. Mulholland, H Koseki
A unique airborne smoke sample package (ASSP) for determining the smoke yield of large fires has been developed. The uncertainty in the average smoke yield at the 95% confidence interval is about +7% of the average of three repeat measurements. The ASSP

Measurement of the 100 nm NIST SRM 1963 by Laser Surface Light Scattering

November 1, 2002
Author(s)
Thomas A. Germer, George W. Mulholland, Jae Hyun Kim, S H. Ehrman
Accurate sizing of particles deposited on surfaces is important for the semiconductor, optical, and data storage industries. The recent availability of accurate light scattering models for non-ideal conditions enables the determination of particle size

The Existence of Precursor Soot in the Exhaust of Inverse Diffusion Flames

October 1, 2002
Author(s)
L G. Blevins, Robert A. Fletcher, Bruce A. Benner Jr, Eric B. Steel, George W. Mulholland
Knowledge of the chemical and physical structure of precursor soot is useful in the development of soot particle inception models. This paper examines the hypothesis that soot exiting an inverse flame is similar in chemical and morphological structure to

Polarized Light Scattering by Dielectric and Metallic Spheres on Silicon Wafers

September 1, 2002
Author(s)
Jae H. Kim, S H. Ehrman, George W. Mulholland, Thomas Germer
The Polarization and intensity of light scattered by monodisperse polystyrene latex and copper spheres, with diameters ranging from 92 to 218 nm, deposited on silicon substrates were measured with 442-, 532-, and 633-nm light. The results are compared with

Size-Monodisperse Metal Nanoparticles Via Hydrogen-Free Spray Pyrolysis

April 3, 2002
Author(s)
Jung Hyeun Kim, Thomas A. Germer, George Mulholland, S H. Ehrman
Pure copper nanoparticles were produced using a co-solvent approach avoiding use of hydrogen or other reducing gas. Compared with the particles formed without the co-solvent, the addition of alcohol has a significant effect in preventing oxidation, which

Characterization of Particulate From Fires Burning Silicone Fluids

December 1, 2001
Author(s)
Y Sivathanu, Anthony P. Hamins, George W. Mulholland, Takashi Kashiwagi, R Buch
The optical properties of particulate emitted from fires burning two distinct polydimethylsiloxane fluids (D4 and M2 or MM, where D=(CH3)2SiO and M=(CH3)3SiO2) were obtained using a transmission cell-reciprocal nephelometer in conjunction with gravimetric

Polarized Light Scattering From Metallic Particles on Silicon Wafers

December 1, 2001
Author(s)
Jae H. Kim, S H. Ehrman, George W. Mulholland, Thomas Germer
Polarized light scattering by monodisperse copper and gold spheres, having diameters ranging from 96 nm to 205 nm deposited on silicon substrates were measured using visible light. The results are compared to an exact theory for scattering by a sphere on a

International Study of the Sublethal Effects of Fire Smoke on Survivability and Health (SEFS): Phase 1. Final Report (NIST TN 1439)

August 1, 2001
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Jason D. Averill, Kathryn M. Butler, Walter W. Jones, George W. Mulholland, J L. Neviaser, Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, J R. Hall
Fire smoke toxicity has been a recurring theme for fire safety professionals for over four decades. There especially continue to be difficulty and controversy in assessing and addressing the contribution of the sublethal effects of smoke in hazard and risk

Sublethal Effects of Smoke on Survival and Health

March 26, 2001
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Jason D. Averill, Kathryn M. Butler, Walter W. Jones, George W. Mulholland, J L. Neviaser, Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, J R. Hall

Apparatus for Light Scattering Studies of Smoke Particles

March 25, 2001
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, D W. Weinert
A facility for measuring the light scattered by smokes as a function of the scattering angle and linear polarization has been developed. By using monosize polystyrene calibration particles and filter collection for gravimeteric measurement, we are able for

Size Distribution and Light Scattering Properties of Test Smokes (NIST SP 965)

February 1, 2001
Author(s)
D W. Weinert, Thomas Cleary, George W. Mulholland
Measurements of particles size distributions and optical properties of smoke detector test smokes may yield a better understanding of existing detector designs and facilitate design improvements; NIST is making such measurements now on smokes produced in

Performance of a Fast Response Agent Concentration Meter

May 2, 2000
Author(s)
Erik L. Johnsson, George W. Mulholland, Gerald T. Fraser, A Zuban, I I. Leonov
There is a need for monitoring the concentration of potential halon replacement chemicals with millisecond response time [I]. One scenario of great concern to the Air Force is the penetration of an enemy shell into the fuel tank of an aircraft. To prevent

Calibration Particles Relevant to the Measurement of Nanosize Particles.

October 11, 1999
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland
The development of technologies associated with nanometer size particles, such as automated wafer inspection systems, requires several monosize calibration particlcs with diameters in the range from 1 nm to 100 nm. The one relevant calibration standard