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Displaying 47101 - 47125 of 74178

Calcium Phosphate Cements: Chemistry, Properties, and Applications

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Laurence C. Chow
This paper reviews recent studies on self-setting calcium phosphate cements (CPC). Discussions are focused on the cement setting reactions, the products formed, those properties of the cements that contribute to their clinical efficacy, and areas of future

Calibrated Thermal Microscopy of the Tool-Chip Interface in Machining

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Howard W. Yoon, Matthew A. Davies, Timothy J. Burns, Michael Kennedy
A critical parameter in predicting tool wear during machining and in accurate computer simulations of machining is the spatially-resolved temperature at the tool-chip interface. We describe the development and the calibration of a nearly diffraction

Cessation of Spherulitic Growth in Phase-Separating Polyolefin Blends

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Haonan Wang, Charles C. Han
The Blends of two statistical copolymers of ethylene/hexene (PEH) and ethylene/butene (PEB) exhibit both phase separation and crystallization transitions. Using optical microscopy (OM) and small angle light scattering (SALS), we demonstrate that the

Characterization of Coating Microstructure Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Li Piin Sung, Maria E. Nadal, Paul E. Stutzman, M E. McKnight
The appearance of coating materials depends on the physical attributes of the object's interaction with light. These physical attributes include the light source, the angle of illumination, the viewing angle, and the optical reflectance properties of the

Characterization of Polyester Degradation Using Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Xiaohong Gu, D T. Raghavan, Tinh Nguyen, Mark R. VanLandingham
Tapping mode AFM was used to examine the microstructure of polyester films before and after exposure to an alkaline solution. Bright-colored microgel domains and dark-colored interstitial regions were observed in phase images of the unexposed samples. The

Comparative of Texture Analysis Techniques for Highly Oriented a-Al 2 O 3

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
M M. Seabugh, Mark D. Vaudin, James Cline, G L. Messing
Texture measurements were performed on liquid phase sintered alumina textured by a templated grain growth process. Texture distributions were measured using four techniques (x-ray pole figure, rocking curve, and Rietveld refinement and stereological

Comparison of Elemental Detection Using Microcalorimetry, SIMS, AES and EDS (SEM, STEM, and TEM)

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
C. B. Vartuli, F. A. Stevie, David A. Wollman, M. Antonell, R. B. Irwin, J. M. McKinley, T L. Shofner, B. M. Purcell, S. A. Anderson, Bobby To
Cu contamination has become a larger concern as more semiconductor fabrication facilities switch from aluminum to Cu interconnects. The resolution limits of several analytical tools are compared to determine the optimum analysis methods for detecting Cu

Computation of Fresnel Integrals. II

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Klaus Mielenz
This paper describes an improved method for computing Fresnel integrals with an accuracy better than 1X10 -9, based on a known approximate formula for a different integral. Outside the range of validity of this formula, Taylor series expansions are used to

Cracking of Brittle Coatings Adhesively Bonded to Substrates of Unlike Modulus

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
K -. Lee, Y W. Rhee, Douglas H. Blackburn, Brian R. Lawn, H Chai
The role of elastic mismatch in determining critical conditions for indentation fracture in brittle coatings on substrates of unlike modulus is investigated. A model transparent trilayer system, consisting of a glass coating layer bonded to a thick

Cryosalts: Suppression of Ice Formation in Macromolecular Crystallography

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Kenneth A. Rubinson, Jane E. Ladner, M Tordova, G L. Gilliland
Quality data collection for macromolecular cryocrystallography requires suppressing the formation of crystalline or microcrystalline ice that may result from flash-freezing crystals. Described here is the use of lithium formate, lithium chloride, and other

Dendrimer Templates for the Formation of Gold Nanoclusters

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Franziska Grohn, Barry J. Bauer, Y A. Akpalu, C L. Jackson, Eric J. Amis
Charged poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are used to create organic-inorganic hybrid colloids in aqueous solution. The formation of gold colloids upon reduction of a gold salt precursor serves as a model reaction to study the influence of reaction

Direct Imaging of Highly Charged Ions in an Electron Beam Ion Trap

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
James V. Porto, I Kink, John D. Gillaspy
We have directly observed the ion cloud distribution in an electron beam ion trap using visible and ultraviolet fluorescence from lines in the ground term of Ar 13+,^ Xe 31+ and Xe 32+ ions. Using a gated intensified charge coupled device camera, we have

Ferromagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with a Micromechanical Calorimeter Sensor

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
John M. Moreland, M. Loehndorf, Pavel Kabos, Robert McMichael
We describe a new type of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy that is based on a calorimeter sensor. We use an atomic force microscopy cantilever coated with a ferromagnetic thin film as a bimaterial sensor to measure absorption of microwaves at 9

High-Throughput Measurement of Polymer Blend Phase Behavior

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
J C. Meredith, Alamgir Karim, Eric J. Amis
Two-dimensional combinatorial thin film libraries are used to rapidly measure the LCST phase boundary of polystyrene and poly (vinylmethyl ether) blends in compositin-temperature space. The film libraries with continuous gradients in polymer blend
Displaying 47101 - 47125 of 74178