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Displaying 2826 - 2850 of 3892

Report from the 2nd Workshop on: Characterization and Modeling of the Interface/Interphase of Polymeric Materials and Systems December 7 and 8, 1998

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

Tinh Nguyen, Charles C. Han, Richard R. Cavanagh, R Ryntz

The interface/interphase region plays a fundamental role in a wide range of polymeric materials and systems such as polymer blends and alloys, nanocomposites, particle-filled systems, paints on plastics and metals, electronic packagings, and fiber

Survey of Fire Detection Technologies and System Evaluation/Certification Methodologies and Their Suitablity for Aircraft Cargo Compartments (NISTIR 6356)

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

Thomas G. Cleary, William L. Grosshandler

As part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) initiated program on global civil aviation, NIST is assisting the Federal Aviation Administration in its research to improve fire detection in aircraft cargo compartments. Improved fire

Development of a Hazard-Based Method for Evaluating the Fire Safety of Passenger Trains

June 29, 1999

Author(s)

Richard W. Bukowski, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Jason D. Averill, S. H. Markos

The fire safety of U.S. passenger rail trains currently is addressed through small-scale flammability and smoke emission tests and performance criteria promulgated by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The FRA approach relies heavily on test

Evaluating Multi-Sensor Fire Detectors in the Fire Emulator/Detector Evaluator

June 29, 1999

Author(s)

Thomas G. Cleary, Michael D. Anderson, Jason D. Averill, William L. Grosshandler

NIST has developed the Fire Emulator/Detector Evaluator (FE/DE) for the purpose of testing detectors in a controlled environment. The FE/DE is a flow tunnel where fire or nuisance source characteristics can be controlled so that a detector placed in the FE

On the Design of an Apparatus for Screening Liquid Fire Suppressants

June 29, 1999

Author(s)

Jiann C. Yang, Michelle K. Donnelly, N C. Prive, William L. Grosshandler

This paper discusses the design and use of an apparatus for evaluating the effectiveness of liquid fire suppression agents as possible replacements for halon 1301. The apparatus consists of a porous cylindrical burner located in the test section of a

Comparison of Wind Loading Estimates Based on Extreme Speeds and Squares of Extreme Speeds

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Emil Simiu, A N. Heckert, James J. Filliben

The hypothesis that better estimates of wind force extremes are obtained by analyzing time series of squares of wind speeds, rather than time series of wind speeds, has been considered in the engineering literature. We present results of Monte Carlo

Defining Flashover for Fire Hazard Calculations

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Richard W. Bukowski, Vyto Babrauskas

As the use of performance-based methods for evaluating the fire behavior of materials and systems becomes more widespread, objective criteria to judge fire behavior become more important. This paper reviews techniques for predicting the most common of

Energy Impacts of Infiltration and Ventilation in U.S. Office Buildings Using Multizone Airflow Simulation

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Andrew K. Persily, Steven J. Emmerich

With exception of a few analyses of the impacts of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 and energy use in specific buildings, the energy used in commercial buildings due to infiltration and ventilation flows has received little attention. However, as improvements

Estimating the 95th Percentile of the Paste-Void Spacing Distribution in Hardened Cement Paste Containing Air Entrainment

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Kenneth A. Snyder

The spacing equations of Powers, Philleo, and Pleau and Pigeon are used to estimate the uniform thickness of paste surrounding entrained air voids that is required to encompass 95 % of the air-paste system. Spacing equation accuracy is determined by

Mean-Field-Scaling in Lattice Boltzmann Fluid Mixtures

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Nicos Martys, Jack F. Douglas

Basic equilibrium properties of Lattice Boltzmann (LB) fluid mixtures (coexistence curve, surface tension, and interfacial profile) are calculated to characterize the critical phenomena occurring in these model liquids and to establish a reduced variable

New Flame Retardants Consortium: Flame Retardant Mechanism of Silica. Final Report (NISTIR 6357)

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Jeffrey W. Gilman, Takashi Kashiwagi, Marc R. Nyden, Richard H. Harris Jr.

The results of a two year research project carried out with the "New Flame Retardants Consortium" are reported. This investigation into the flame retardant mechanism of silica gel and other forms of silica has determined that the silica FR mechanism is

Performance of Tape-Bonded Seams of EPDM Membranes: Resistance to Peel-Creep

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Walter J. Rossiter Jr, M Vangel, K M. Kraft

This paper provides a summary of the major results of an industry-government consortium study on the creep resistance of tape-bonded seams of EPDM roof membranes. The study was undertaken to compare the creep-rupture performance of tape-bonded and liquid

The Optimal Pricing of Publicly Supplied Private Goods: A Case Study of NIST Standard Reference Materials

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

S Fuller, J J. Cordes

This study provides a framework for determining optimal prices and production plans for a welfare-maximizing public enterprise that producesmultiple goods, faces a budget constraint, and is obligated to meet all demand. Public enterprises often operate

Determination of Water Spray Drop Size and Speed From a Standard Orifice, Pendent Spray Sprinkler. Report of Test.

May 27, 1999

Author(s)

Anthony D. Putorti Jr., T D. Belsinger, W H. Twilley

In order to characterize the water spray from a standard orifice,pendent spray sprinkler, measurements were made using an optical array probe droplet analyzer. the water droplet sizes and speeds from the sprinkler were measured at various locations in the

Cyanate Ester Clay Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Flammability Studies

May 23, 1999

Author(s)

Jeffrey W. Gilman, Richard H. Harris Jr., Douglas Hunter

New goals outlined by the U. S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advanced Fire-Safe Aircraft Materials Research Program enumerate an order-of-magnitude improvement in aircraft cabin-material fire safety. In the pursuit of improved approaches to the

Bursting Bubbles From Combustion of Thermoplastic Materials in Microgravity

May 18, 1999

Author(s)

Kathryn M. Butler

Many thermoplastic materials in common use for a wide range of applications, including spacecraft, develop bubbles internally as they bum due to chemical reactions taking place within the bulk. These bubbles grow and migrate until they burst at the surface

Construction Metrology Beyond Earth: A White Paper

May 6, 1999

Author(s)

D T. Latimer

Construction metrology standardization research currently focuses on terrestial applications. For space based applications, there is the potential for great monetary and effort savings through the creation of open industry standards. Current technology for

A Study of a Water-To-Water Heat Pump Using Hydrocarbon and Hydrofluorocarbon Zeotropic Mixtures

May 1, 1999

Author(s)

William V. Payne, Piotr A. Domanski, J Muller

This investigation compared the performance of R22 to the performance of propane (R290) and zeotropic mixtures of HFC's and hydrocarbons in a water-to-water heat pump. Baseline testing began with R22 and proceeded to R290, R32/290, R32/152a, and R290/600a

Combustion of a Polymer (PMMA) Sphere in Microgravity (NISTIR 6331)

May 1, 1999

Author(s)

Jiann C. Yang, Anthony P. Hamins, Michelle K. Donnelly

A series of low gravity experiments were conducted to investigate the combustion of supported thermoplastic polymer spheres under varying ambient conditions. The three types of thermoplastic investigated were polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene

Evolution of Refrigerant Application

May 1, 1999

Author(s)

Piotr A. Domanski

The paper reviews the development of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants, the implemented replacements of ozone-depleting fluids, other considered alternatives, and the prospect for next-generation refrigerants in response to climate change concerns

Experimental Plan for Testing the Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete at Elevated Temperatures (NISTIR 6210)

May 1, 1999

Author(s)

Long T. Phan, Richard D. Peacock

This report outlines an experimental plan designed to quantify the effect of elevated temperature on the mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. The experimental program will examine the influences of the following factors: (1) different steady

Linear Static and Dynamic Procedures for Structures With Velocity-Dependent Supplemental Dampers

May 1, 1999

Author(s)

Fahim Sadek, B Mohraz, Michael A. Riley

Passive energy dissipation devices are used to reduce the damaging effects of earthquakes. These devices can absorb a portion of the earthquake-induced energy in structures and thus reduce the energy demand on structural members. Wide acceptance of these

Modelling Service Life and Life-Cycle Cost of Steel-Reinforced Concrete

May 1, 1999

Author(s)

G J. Frohnsdorff

The NIST / ACI / ASTM Workshop on Modelling Service Life and Life-Cycle Cost of Steel-Reinforced Concrete was focused on possibilities for developing and standardizing such models, specifically for concrete exposed to chlorides. The report includes

Relating Thermoplastic Olefin (TPO) Microstructure to Paint Adhesion

May 1, 1999

Author(s)

Mark R. VanLandingham

Advances in the use of the atomic force microscope (AFM) to characterize polymeric materials have recently been made. Phase imaging with the AFM has emerged as a powerful technique, providing contrast enhancement of topographic features and, in some cases

Test Procedure Development for Residential Dishwashers

May 1, 1999

Author(s)

Natascha S. Milesi-Ferretti

It has been recognized that the current Department of Energy (DOE) dishwasher test procedure is inadequate in testing soil sensing dishwashers. As a result, DOE proposed that NIST evaluate the dishwasher test procedure as a part of their Appliance

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