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Displaying 25251 - 25275 of 74256

Three-dimensional imaging of liquid crystal structures and defects by means of holographic manipulation of colloidal nanowires with faceted sidewalls

June 3, 2011
Author(s)
David Engstrom, Martin Persson, Rahul P. Trivedi, Kristine A. Bertness, Mattias Goksor, Ivan I. Smalyukh
We use nanowires with faceted sidewalls for mapping of the patterns of three-dimensional orientational order and defect structures. In chiral nematics, the nanowires follow the local average orientation of rod-shaped molecules. When spatially translated by

Statistical Methods for Analyzing Color Differences

June 2, 2011
Author(s)
Maria E. Nadal, Carl C. Miller, Hugh Fairman
Multi-valued measurands, such as spectral reflectance or transmission, tristimulus values, are usually analyzed by reducing the data to a single-valued parameter, such as color difference. The variations of sets of color differences are non-normal

A Physics-Based Simple Series Resistance Extraction Methodology

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Kin P. Cheung, Jason P. Campbell
Series resistance has become a serious obstacle encountered in the development of advanced CMOS devices. At the same time, series resistance quantification in these same advanced CMOS devices is a difficult challenge. In this study, we demonstrate a very

Automated Spectral Smoothing with Spatially Adaptive Penalized Least-Squares

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Aaron A. Urbas, Steven J. Choquette
A variety of data smoothing techniques exist to address the issue of noise in spectroscopic data. The vast majority, however, require parameter specification by a knowledgeable user, which is typically accomplished by trial and error. In most situations

Boundary Effects on the Determination of the Effective Parameters of a Metamaterial from Normal Incidence Reflection and Transmission

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Sung Kim, Edward E. Kuester, Christopher L. Holloway, James R. Baker-Jarvis, Aaron D. Scher
This paper presents a method for the determination of the effective electromagnetic parameters of a metamaterial, taking boundary effects at the interfaces between a conventional material and metamaterial into account. In the technique presented here

Bridging the Micro to Macro Gap: A New Application for Milli-probe X-ray Fluorescence

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Jeffrey M. Davis, Dale E. Newbury, Nicholas W. Ritchie, Edward P. Vicenzi, Dale P. Bentz, Albert J. Fahey
X-ray elemental mapping and x-ray spectrum imaging are powerful microanalytical tools. However, their scope is limited spatially by the raster area of a scanning electron microscope or microprobe. Limited sampling size becomes a significant issue when

Certification of Standard Reference Material 660b

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
David R. Black, Donald A. Windover, Albert Henins, James J. Filliben, James P. Cline
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certifies a suite of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) to address specific aspects of instrument performance of powder diffractometers. This report describes SRM 660b, the third generation of this

Challenges and Opportunities in Smart Grid: A Position Article

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
George W. Arnold
This introductory article overviews the concepts and purpose of the Smart Grid and the important role of communications technology in its development. It identifies some of the challenges and opportunities that are explored in more detail in the articles

Electromagnetic Energy Density in Dispersive and Dissipative Media

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Frederico D. Nunes, Thiago Vasconcelos, Marcel Bezerra, John Weiner
The description of the energy density associated with an electromagnetic field propagating through matter must treat two different phenomena: dispersion, the variation of the refractive index with frequency, and dissipation, the loss of field energy by

Electromagnetic Metrology on Concrete and Corrosion

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Sung Kim, Jack T. Surek, James R. Baker-Jarvis
To go beyond current electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods for reinforcing bar (rebar) corrosion we are exploring unique magnetic or electric spectral features and whether these might be prominent enough at the concrete cover depth to

Electromechanical Characterization of Bi-2212 Strands

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Xifeng Lu
The uniaxial strain dependence of the critical current was measured both in tension and compression in Bi-2212 high-temperature superconducting round wires. We observed that permanent damage to the critical current can easily occur due to strain. To

Evaluation of Self Diffusion Data Using Weighted Means Statistics

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Carelyn E. Campbell, Andrew L. Rukhin
Several CALPHAD-based assessments of the self-diffusion mobility of Ni in pure Ni and Al in pure Al have been published. In an effort to determine which assessment best represents the experimental data, weighted means statistics are used to determine

Graphene Production for Electrical Metrology

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Randolph E. Elmquist, David B. Newell, George R. Jones, Felipe L. Marquez-Hernandez, Mariano A. Real, Tian T. Shen
Many material and electronic contributions must be favorable to produce devices with strong quantum Hall effect (QHE) plateaus that are suitable for precise resistance metrology. Even so, metrologically interesting QHE plateaus have been observed in

HIGHLY CHARGED ION INTERACTIONS WITH THIN INSULATING FILMS

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Joshua M. Pomeroy, Russell E. Lake, C E. Sosolik
The electrical conductance of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices whose ultra-thin aluminum oxide tunnel barrier was irradiated by highly charged ions (HCIs) increases linearly with the fluence of HCIs, while retaining a current-voltage relationship

Identity Management and Privacy: A Rare Opportunity To Get It Right

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Ari M. Schwartz
Since 1976, when Whitfield Diffie and Martin Helleman, first surmised the possibilities for the potential uses for digital signatures in an IEEE publication, there has been ongoing discussion of building an online identity management structure. As use of
Displaying 25251 - 25275 of 74256
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