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Physics

Thermodynamics

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Displaying 76 - 100 of 444

Dynamic Crossover in Fluids: From Hard Spheres to Molecules

July 7, 2021
Author(s)
Ian Bell, Stephanie Delage-Santacreu, Hai Hoang, Guillaume Galliero
We propose a simple and generic definition of a demarcation reconciling structural and dynamic frameworks when combined with the entropy scaling framework. This crossover line between gas- and liquid-like behaviors is defined as the curve for which an

Thermal Conductivity of Liquids

June 25, 2021
Author(s)
Marcia L. Huber
This is an update to the chapter on liquid thermal conductivity in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 102nd Ed.

Quantum field theory for the chiral clock transition in one spatial dimension

May 3, 2021
Author(s)
Seth P. Whitsitt, Rhine Samajdar, Subir Sachdev
We describe the quantum phase transition in the N-state chiral clock model in spatial dimension d=1. With couplings chosen to preserve time-reversal and spatial inversion symmetries, such a model, is in the universality class of recent experimental studies

Residential net-zero energy buildings: Review and perspective

May 1, 2021
Author(s)
Wei Wu, Harrison Skye
Advancements in residential net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) could significantly reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. NZEB design considerations broadly categorize into energy infrastructure connections, renewable energy sources, and energy

NIST on a Chip: Photonic and Quantum-Based Sensors for Measurements of Pressure, Vacuum, Temperature and Beyond!

April 29, 2021
Author(s)
Jay H. Hendricks, Zeeshan Ahmed, Daniel Barker, Stephen Eckel, James A. Fedchak, Nikolai Klimov, Julia Scherschligt
At the core of the NIST on a Chip (NoAC) program is the idea that measurement technology can be developed to enable metrology to be done "outside the National Metrology Institute" by virtue of deployed and often miniaturized standards (that can also serve

Outgassing rate comparison of seven geometrically similar vacuum chambers of different materials and heat treatments

April 23, 2021
Author(s)
James A. Fedchak, Julia Scherschligt, Sefer Avdiaj, Daniel Barker, Stephen Eckel, Ben Bowers, Scott O'Connell, Perry Henderson
We have measured the water and hydrogen outgassing rates of seven vacuum chambers of identical geometry but constructed of different materials and heat treatments. Chambers of five different materials were tested: 304L, 316L, and 316LN stainless steels

Blackbody Radiation Noise Broadening of Quantum Systems

April 22, 2021
Author(s)
Eric B. Norrgard, Stephen Eckel, Christopher L. Holloway, Eric L. Shirley
Precision measurements of quantum systems often seek to probe or must account for the interaction with blackbody radiation. Over the past several decades, much attention has been given to AC Stark shifts and stimulated state transfer. For a blackbody in

Quantum Blackbody Thermometry

April 22, 2021
Author(s)
Eric B. Norrgard, Stephen Eckel, Christopher L. Holloway, Eric L. Shirley
Blackbody radiation (BBR) sources are calculable radiation sources that are frequently used in radiometry, temperature dissemination, and remote sensing. Despite their ubiquity, blackbody sources, have a plethora of systematics (e.g., emissivity

Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Xenon from the Triple Point to 750 K and up to 86 MPa

March 25, 2021
Author(s)
Dania Velliadou, K.A. Tasidou, K.D. Antoniadis, Marc J. Assael, Richard A. Perkins, Marcia L. Huber
This paper presents a new wide-ranging correlation for the viscosity of xenon based on the most recent theoretical calculations and critically evaluated experimental data. The correlation is designed to be used with an existing equation of state, and it is

Path-integral calculation of the fourth virial coefficient of helium isotopes

March 8, 2021
Author(s)
Giovanni Garberoglio, Allan H. Harvey
We use the path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) method and state-of-the-art two-body and three-body potentials to calculate the fourth virial coefficient D(T) of 4He and 3He as a function of temperature from 2.6 K to 2000 K. We derive expressions for the

Transient heating in fixed length optical cavities for use as temperature and pressure standards

February 25, 2021
Author(s)
Jacob Edmond Ricker, Kevin O. Douglass, Jay H. Hendricks, Jack Stone, Sergei Syssoev, Sefer Avdiaj
Optical refractometry techniques can enable realization of both pressure and temperature directly from properties of the gas. For achieving the highest possible accuracy, temperature uniformity across the refractometer must be less than 1 mK. However, the

A system for probing Casimir energy corrections to the condensation energy

December 28, 2020
Author(s)
Diego J. Perez, Alexander Stange, Richard Lally, Lawrence Barrett, Matthias Imboden, Abhishek Som, David Campbell, Vladimir Aksyuk, David Bishop
In this article, we present a nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) designed to detect changes in the Casimir Energy. The Casimir effect is a result of the appearance of quantum fluctuations in the electromagnetic vacuum. Previous experiments have used nano

Reappraising the appropriate use of a common meteorological quantity: Potential Temperature

December 15, 2020
Author(s)
Manuel Baumgartner, Ralf Weigel, Ulrich Achatz, Allan H. Harvey, Peter Spichtinger
The potential temperature is a widely used quantity in atmospheric science since it is conserved for air's adiabatic changes of state. Its definition involves the specific heat capacity of dry air, which is traditionally assumed as constant. However, the

New refrigerants and system configurations for vapor compression refrigeration

November 13, 2020
Author(s)
Mark McLinden, Christopher J. Seeton, Andy Pearson
The high global warming potential (GWP) of current refrigerants in cooling equipment based on the vapor-compression cycle has triggered a major effort to find and implement more environmentally benign alternatives. Here, we review the basics of the vapor

Entropy Scaling of Viscosity - II: Predictive Scheme for Normal Alkanes

October 16, 2020
Author(s)
Ian H. Bell
In this work, entropy scaling as applied to normal alkanes is used to probe the physics of entropy scaling for fluids with internal degrees of freedom. This approach results in the identification of a universal transition in the behavior of the normal

Quasiuniversal Excess Entropy Scaling in Binary Supercooled Liquids

August 27, 2020
Author(s)
Ian H. Bell, Jeppe Dyre, Trond Ingebrigtsen
Transport coefficients, such as viscosity or diffusion coefficient, show significant dependence on density or temperature near the glass transition. Although several theories have been proposed for explaining this dynamical slowdown, the origin remains to
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