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Nanomanufacturing Concerns about Measurements Made in the SEM Part V. Dealing with Noise

September 17, 2016

Author(s)

Michael T. Postek, Andras Vladar

Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are used extensively in research and advanced manufacturing for materials characterization, metrology and process control. Unfortunately, noise can limit the specimen-specific detail and information that can be acquired

in situ methods for monitoring silver nanoparticle sulfidation in simulated waters

September 16, 2016

Author(s)

John M. Pettibone, Jingyu Liu

To probe the transformation pathways of metallic nanomaterials, measurement tools capable of detecting and characterizing the broad distribution of products with limited perturbation is ideal. Thus, we employed a suite of in situ measurements (single

Cantilever array with optomechanical read-out and integrated actuation for simultaneous high sensitivity force detection

September 14, 2016

Author(s)

Thomas Michels, Ivo W. Rangelow, Vladimir Aksyuk

We present an on-chip cavity optomechanical cantilever array with integrated actuation, that combines high measurement bandwidth and very low displacement noise floor with compactness, robustness, small size, and potential for low cost batch fabrication

Mechanical characterization of sequentially layered photo-clickable thiol-ene hydrogels

September 8, 2016

Author(s)

Aaron Aziz, Joseph Wahlquist, Aaron Sollner, Virginia L. Ferguson, Frank W. DelRio, Stephanie Bryant

Multi-layer hydrogels formed from crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have shown promise for applications in tissue engineering ranging from vasculature to musculoskeletal tissues. The objective of this work was to characterize the interface resulting

Characterization of dielectric properties and moisture uptake of cellulose nanocrystals using non-contact microwave cavity

September 1, 2016

Author(s)

Jan Obrzut, Caglar Dogu Emiroglu, Beatriz A. Pazmino, Jack F. Douglas, Jeffrey W. Gilman

Dielectric permittivity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) films was determined using a non-contact resonant cavity perturbation method at 7.3 GHz in quantitative correlation with moisture content. The resonant microwave cavity measurement is sensitive to

Defense Mechanisms and Nutrient Displacement in Arabidopsis thaliana upon Exposure to CeO2 and In2O3 Nanoparticles

September 1, 2016

Author(s)

Bryant C. Nelson, Sanem Hosbas Coskun, Chuanxin Ma, Hong Li, Huiyuan Guo, Craig Musante, Jason C. White, Baoshan Xing, Om P. Dhankher

Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) can cause toxicity to terrestrial plants, however there is little understanding of plant defense mechanisms that may counteract nanotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated the defense mechanisms of Arabidopsis

Emerging Metrology for High Throughput Nanomaterial Genotoxicology

August 26, 2016

Author(s)

Bryant C. Nelson, Christa W. Wright, Yuko Ibuki, Maria Moreno-Villanueva, Hanna L. Karlsson, Giel Hendriks, Christopher M. Sims, Neenu Singh, Shareen H. Doak

The rapid development of the engineered nanomaterial (ENM) manufacturing industry has accelerated the incorporation of ENMs into a wide variety of consumer products across the globe. Unintentionally or not, some of these ENMs may be introduced into the

Photochemical transformations of thiolated polyethylene glycol coatings on gold nanoparticles

August 16, 2016

Author(s)

Stacey M. Louie, Justin M. Gorham, Eric A. McGivney, Jingyu Liu, Kelvin B. Gregory, Vincent A. Hackley

Photochemical reactions can result in significant transformations of manufactured nanomaterials in sunlit environments. While transformations of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated extensively, much less attention has been focused on the

Design, sensitivity analysis, and testing of a Caenorhabditis elegans nanoecotoxicity assay

August 11, 2016

Author(s)

Shannon Hanna, Gregory A. Cooksey, Bryant C. Nelson, John T. Elliott, Elijah J. Petersen

Increasing production and usage of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has generated widespread interest in measuring their environmental and human health effects. However, the lack of standardized methods for these measurements has often led to contradictory

Assessment of the efficiency of density sucrose gradient centrifugation for the separation of gold nanoparticles by spICP-MS

August 8, 2016

Author(s)

Monique E. Johnson, Antonio R. Montoro Bustos, Michael R. Winchester

The suitability of rate zonal density sucrose gradient centrifugation separation is explored for the purification/separation of three gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) mixtures (Mixture 1: 30 nm, 60 nm, and 100 nm; Mixture 2: 20 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm; Mixture 3

An Antimony Selenide Molecular Ink for Flexible Broadband Photodetectors

August 3, 2016

Author(s)

Ratan K. Debnath, MD R. Hasan, Arunima Singh, Vladimir P. Oleshko, Shiqi Guo, Asha Rani, Abhishek Motayed, Nhan V. Nguyen, Albert Davydov

The need for low-cost high-performance broadband photon detection with sensitivity in the near infrared (NIR) has driven interest in new materials that combine high absorption with traditional electronic infrastructure (CMOS) compatibility. Here, we

Cryogenic Etching of High Aspect Ratio 400 nm Pitch Silicon Gratings

July 29, 2016

Author(s)

Houxun Miao, Lei Chen, Mona Mirzaeimoghri, Richard Kasica, Han Wen

The cryogenic process and Bosch process are two widely used processes for reactive ion etching of high aspect ratio silicon structures. This paper focuses on the cryogenic deep etching of 400.0 nm pitch silicon gratings. By creating a metal hard mask on

Comparison of Electron Imaging Modes for Dimensional Measurements in the Scanning Electron Microscope

July 25, 2016

Author(s)

Michael T. Postek, Andras Vladar, John S. Villarrubia

Linewidth measurements from secondary electron (SE) images were compared to those from backscattered electron (BSE) and low-loss electron (LLE) images. With the commonly used 50 % threshold criterion, the lines appeared larger in the SE images. Since the

Introducing a New NIST Reference Material: Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Soot

July 25, 2016

Author(s)

Ann C. Chiaramonti Debay, Ryan M. White, Jason D. Holm, Elisabeth Mansfield

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) play a significant role in the nascent nanotechnology industry, due to their remarkable combination of mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. These materials are specialty additives, reinforcing a diverse

Li Diffusion in All-Solid-State Batteries Imaged Through Optically and Electron Transparent Electrodes

July 24, 2016

Author(s)

Alexander Yulaev, Alec Talin, Leite Marina, Andrei Kolmakov

We report spatially- and depth-resolved study of Li intercalation into a thin-film solid electrolyte applying a combination of optical and electron microscopy. Due to difference in electron yield from pristine and lithiated LiPON regions, the Li transport

Feasibility study on 3-D shape analysis of high-aspect-ratio features using through-focus scanning optical microscopy

July 14, 2016

Author(s)

Ravikiran Attota, Peter Weck, John A. Kramar, Bunday Benjamin, Victor H. Vartanian

In-line metrologies currently used in the semiconductor industry are being challenged by the aggressive pace of device scaling and the adoption of novel device architectures. Metrology and process control of three-dimensional (3D) high-aspect-ratio (HAR)

Bioaccumulation of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Tetrahymena thermophila by Direct Feeding or Trophic Transfer

July 11, 2016

Author(s)

Monika Mortimer, Elijah Petersen, Bruce A. Buchholz, Eduardo Orias, Patricia Holden

Consumer goods contain multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that could be released during product life cycles into the environment, where their effects are uncertain. Here, we assessed MWCNT bioaccumulation in the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila via

Nanostructured Surface Phonon Polariton Systems for Mid-Infrared Nanophotonics

July 1, 2016

Author(s)

Alexander Giles, Richard Kasica, Joshua Caldwell

In this article, novel, phonon-based silicon carbide nanopillar antenna arrays are described. Using fabricated SiC structures, sub-diffractional, localized resonances are observed with exceptionally high quality factors (40-305) and corresponding high

Parameter optimization for through-focus scanning optical microscopy

June 23, 2016

Author(s)

Ravikiran Attota, Hyeong G. Kang

Nanomaterials in the aquatic environment: An EU-USA perspective on the status of ecotoxicity testing, research priorities and challenges ahead

June 19, 2016

Author(s)

Selck Henriette, Richard Handy, Teresa Fernandes, Stephen Klaine, Elijah Petersen

The US-EU Community of Research (CoR) was established in 2012 to provide a platform for scientists to develop a ‘shared repertoire of protocols and methods to overcome nanoEHS research gaps and barriers' (www.us-eu.org/). Based on work within the

Hydrodynamic Radius Fluctuations in Model DNA-Grafted Nanoparticles

June 16, 2016

Author(s)

Luis Fernando Vargas Lara, Francis W. Starr, Jack F. Douglas

We utilize molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and the path-integration program ZENO to quantify hydrodynamic radius (Rh) fluctuations of spherical symmetric gold nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with single-stranded DNA chains (ssDNA). In particular, we

Considerations of Environmentally-Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials

June 8, 2016

Author(s)

Patricia Holden, Jorge Gardea-Torresdey, Frederick Klaessig, Ronald Turco, Monika Mortimer, Kerstin Hund-Rinke, David Avery, Damia Barcelo, Renata Behra, Yoram Cohen, Laurence Deydier-Stephan, Barbara Harthorn, Danail Hristozov, John Johnston, Agnes Kane, Larry Kaputska, Arturo Keller, Hunter Lenihan, Wess Lovell, Catherine Murphy, Roger Nisbet, Elijah Petersen, Martin Scheringer, Monita Sharma, David Speed, Yasir Sultan, Jason White, Eva Wong, Baoshan Xing, Meghan Steele Horan, Hilary Godwin, Andre Nel

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) entering the environment could impact biological populations or entire ecosystems. Ecotoxicology aims to determine effective concentrations, which often exceed those in the environment. ENM behaviors in complex media impede

Particle size-dependent environmental release of semiconductor nanocrystals from free-standing polymer nanocomposite films

May 31, 2016

Author(s)

Li Piin Sung, Karthik V. Pillai, Patrick Gray, Reiner Bleher, Timothy V. Duncan

Concomitant with the development of polymer nanocomposite (PNC) technologies across numerous industries is an expanding awareness of the uncertainty with which engineered nanoparticles embedded within these materials may be released into the external

Development of surface chemical approaches for detection and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in a polymer composite

May 23, 2016

Author(s)

Justin M. Gorham, William A. Osborn, Jeremiah W. Woodcock, Jeffrey W. Gilman

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and other carbon nanofillers are used in different applications to enhance the materials and electrical properties of consumer products such as polymer composites. As a result, concern has arisen regarding the

NanoRelease Consumer Products: Developing consensus measurement approaches for the analysis of release materials from nanocomposites

May 23, 2016

Author(s)

Keana C. Scott, Frederick Meisenkothen

The number of consumer and industrial products that are nano-enabled and/or nano-enhanced has been increasing rapidly in recent years. The nano-composite materials offer an exciting mix of material properties that cannot be achieved in conventional