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Metrology

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Displaying 901 - 925 of 2729

Beyond the International Year of Crystallography

February 1, 2015
Author(s)
Andrew J. Allen, Janos Hajdu, Anke R. Kaysser-Pyzalla
It is now one year since all International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) journals became online only, and this is just one of the developments during the International Year of Crystallography, IYCr 2014. Perhaps, most conspicuously, IUCr’s new flagship

Evaluating Smoldering Behavior of Fire-Blocking Barrier Fabrics

January 29, 2015
Author(s)
Shonali Nazare, William M. Pitts, Szabolcs Matko, Rick D. Davis
This study reports on the smoldering propensity of commercially available barrier fabrics (BFs) in a small-scale upholstered seating mock-up configuration. Most commercially available BFs are smolder resistant when tested alone over a standard flexible

Metrology Needs for Metal Additive Manufacturing Powders

January 29, 2015
Author(s)
John A. Slotwinski, Edward Garboczi
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are capable of producing highly complex and customized parts, without the need for dedicated tooling, and can produce parts directly from the part design information. These types of processes are poised to

Seebeck Coefficient Metrology: Do Contemporary Protocols Measure Up?

January 29, 2015
Author(s)
Joshua B. Martin, Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Martin L. Green
Comparative measurements of the Seebeck coefficient are challenging due to the diversity of instrumentation and measurement protocols. With the implementation of standardized measurement protocols and the use of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs®), for

Defensive code's impact on software performance

January 26, 2015
Author(s)
David W. Flater
Defensive code is instructions added to software for the purpose of hardening it against uncontrolled failures and security problems. It is often assumed that defensive code causes a significant reduction in software performance, which justifies its

Preparation of silver nanoparticle loaded cotton threads to facilitate measurement development for textile applications

January 26, 2015
Author(s)
Justin M. Gorham, Karen E. Murphy, Jingyu Liu, Dimitri Tselenchuk, Gheorghe NMN Stan, Thao M. Nguyen, Richard D. Holbrook, Michael R. Winchester, Robert F. Cook, Robert MacCuspie, Vincent A. Hackley
FOREWORD This NIST special publication (SP) is one in a series of NIST SPs that address research needs articulated in the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Strategy published in 2011 [1]. This Strategy

Thermo-elastic induced phase noise in the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft

January 25, 2015
Author(s)
Ferran Gibert, Miquel Nofrarias, Nico Karnesis, Lluis Gesa, Victor Martin, Ignacio Mateos, Alberto Lobo, Reinhold Flatscher, Domenico Gerardi, Johannes Burkhardt, Ruediger Gerndt, David I. Robertson, Henry Ward, Paul McNamara, Felipe Guzman, Martin Hewitson, Ingo Diepholz, Jens Reiche, Gerhard Heinzel, Karsten Danzmann
During the on-station thermal test campaign of the LISA Pathfinder, the diagnostics subsystem was tested in nearly space conditions for the first time after integration in the satellite. The results showed the compliance of the temperature measurement

Monitoring Techniques for the Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility

December 31, 2014
Author(s)
Mark W. Davis, William M. Healy, Matthew Boyd, Lisa Ng, William V. Payne, Harrison Skye, Tania Ullah
NIST has constructed a Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility that will be used as a testbed for investigating the measurement science related to systems, components, and operations that will lead to homes that generate as much energy over a course of a

Quantitative, label-free characterization of stem cell differentiation at the single-cell level by broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

December 31, 2014
Author(s)
Marcus T. Cicerone, Young J. Lee, Khaled A. Aamer, Prabhas V. Moghe, Sebastian L. Vega, Parth J. Patel
We use broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) microscopy to characterize lineage commitment of individual human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured in adipogenic, osteogenic, and basal culture media. We treat hyperspectral images

NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program Winter, Spring, and Fall 1992 Comparability Studies: Results for Round Robins XXIV, XXV, and XXVI Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Carotenoids in Human Serum and Round Robin 3 Ascorbic Acid in Human Serum

December 19, 2014
Author(s)
Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, Neal E. Craft, David L. Duewer, Kline Margaret, Sam A. Margolis, Willie E. May, Katherine E. Sharpless
The National Institute of Standards and Technology coordinates the Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program (MMQAP) for laboratories that measure fat- and water-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in human serum and plasma. This report describes

NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program Winter, Spring, and Fall 1993 Comparability Studies: Results for Round Robins XXVII, XXVIII, and XXIX Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Carotenoids in Human Serum and Round Robin 4 Ascorbic Acid in Human Se

December 19, 2014
Author(s)
Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, David L. Duewer, Kline Margaret, Sam A. Margolis, Willie E. May, Katherine E. Sharpless
The National Institute of Standards and Technology coordinates the Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program (MMQAP) for laboratories that measure fat- and water-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in human serum and plasma. This report describes

CHAPTER 2: Experimental Techniques 1: Direct Methods

December 17, 2014
Author(s)
Mark O. McLinden
Fluid density is mass per unit volume, and the experimental techniques described in this chapter involve, in one way or another, a clearly defined mass and volume. For this reason, we describe them as “direct” methods. This is in contrast to the vibrating

CHAPTER 4: Density Standards and Traceability

December 17, 2014
Author(s)
Mark O. McLinden
Most instruments for measuring fluid density are not absolute instruments—they must be calibrated with one or more fluids of known density. The selection of appropriate calibration fluids is vital to achieving low uncertainty in a measurement. Also

In-situ Temperature Calibration Capability for Dimensional Metrology

December 15, 2014
Author(s)
Prem K. Rachakonda, Daniel S. Sawyer, Balasubramanian Muralikrishnan, Christopher J. Blackburn, Craig M. Shakarji, Gregory F. Strouse, Steven D. Phillips
The Dimensional Metrology Group (DMG) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a new in-situ temperature calibration system. This paper discusses the system components, an in-situ calibration procedure, the uncertainty

Biomass Particle Models with Realistic Morphology and Resolved Microstructure for Simulations of Intraparticle Transport Phenomena

December 9, 2014
Author(s)
Peter Ciesielski, Michael F. Crowley, M R. Nimlos, Aric Sanders, Gavin Wiggins, Bryon Donohoe
Biomass exhibits a complex microstructure of directional pores that can vary substantially between species of origin. However, models of biomass particles employed in simulations of conversion processes typically employ over-simplified geometry such as

Improvements to NISTs Air Speed Calibration Service

December 8, 2014
Author(s)
Iosif I. Shinder, Michael R. Moldover, Christopher J. Crowley, Bernard J. Filla
We discuss five significant improvements to the Air Speed Calibration Service conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): 1. Reduced-uncertainty calibration of the secondary standard [Laser Doppler Anemometer, (LDA)] using a
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