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Metrology

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Displaying 476 - 500 of 2714

NIST Standards for Measurement, Instrument Calibration, and Quantification of Gaseous Atmospheric Species

March 2, 2018
Author(s)
George C. Rhoderick, Michael E. Kelley, Walter R. Miller Jr., James E. Norris, Jennifer Carney, Lyn Gameson, Christina Cecelski, Cassie Goodman, Abneesh Srivastava, Joseph Hodges
There are many gas species present in the atmosphere that are associated with the earth’s climate. These compounds absorb and emit radiation, a process which is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The major greenhouse gases in the earth’s

Optical Fiber Fabry-Perot Micro-Displacement Sensor for MEMS In-plane Motion Stage

February 28, 2018
Author(s)
Yong Sik Kim, Nicholas Dagalakis, Young-Man Choi
Fabry-Perot interferometer sensors have been widely used in Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) due to high displacement accuracy and immunity to electromagnetic noises, but they are still limited by micro scale measurement range. In this paper, a

Synchrotron Methods for Flexible Hybrid Electronics Industrial Recommendations on Interagency (DoC-DoD-DoE) Partnerships to Address Measurement Challenges Hindering the Flexible Hybrid Electronics Manufacturing Ecosystem

February 12, 2018
Author(s)
Christopher L. Soles, Richard A. Vaia, Ronald Pindak
The round-table participants concluded that facilities at NSLS-II provide immediate opportunities to address some of the critical processing and measurement challenges that are blocking the path towards a sustainable US-centric Flexible Hybrid Electronic

Weak localization thickness measurements of embedded phosphorus delta layers in silicon produced by PH3 dosing

January 23, 2018
Author(s)
Joseph A. Hagmann, Xiqiao Wang, Pradeep N. Namboodiri, Jonathan E. Wyrick, Roy E. Murray, Michael D. Stewart, Richard M. Silver
The key building blocks for devices based on the deterministic placement of dopants in silicon are the formation of phosphorus dopant monolayers and the overgrowth of high quality crystalline Si. Lithographically defined dopant delta-layers can be formed

Counting Caenorhabditis elegans: Protocol Optimization and Applications for Population Growth and Toxicity Studies in Liquid Medium

January 17, 2018
Author(s)
Steven Lund, Sanem Hosbas Coskun, Monique Johnson, Christopher Sims, Elijah Petersen, John T. Elliott, Bryant C. Nelson, Leona D. Scanlan, Shannon K. Hanna, Karina Brignoni, Patricia Lapasett
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used extensively in molecular, toxicological and genetics research. However, standardized methods for counting nematodes in liquid culture do not exist despite the wide use of nematodes and need for accurate

AC Signal Characterization for Optimization of a CMOS Single Electron Pump

January 8, 2018
Author(s)
Roy E. Murray, Justin K. Perron, Michael D. Stewart, Neil M. Zimmerman
Pumping single electrons at a set rate is being widely pursued as an electrical current standard. Much work has been done on pumping using a single AC signal, but using multiple coordinated AC signals may help lower error rates. Whether pumping with one or

Quantum for Pressure

January 5, 2018
Author(s)
Jay H. Hendricks, Patrick F. Egan, Jacob E. Ricker, Jack A. Stone Jr., Kevin O. Douglass, Gregory F. Strouse
A team of NIST scientists is working to fundamentally change the way that the unit of pressure is realized and disseminated, an effort that will lead to the elimination of mercury barometer pressure standards.

Bad security metrics: the problem and its solution

January 4, 2018
Author(s)
David W. Flater
It is generally acknowledged that few security metrics have the level of predictive validity that their uses require, but neither the nature of the problem nor the steps needed to avoid it have been fully characterized. This article examines both questions

Orientation Uncertainty Characteristics of Some Pose Measuring Systems

December 31, 2017
Author(s)
Marek Franaszek, Geraldine S. Cheok
We investigate the performance of pose measuring systems which determine an object's pose from measurement of a few fiducial markers attached to the object. Such systems use point-based, rigid body registration to get the orientation matrix. Uncertainty in

Contributions of precision engineering to the revision of the SI

November 28, 2017
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Harald Bosse, Horst Kunzmann, Jon R. Pratt, Ian Robinson, Michael de Podesta, Paul Shore, Paul Morantz
All measurements performed in science and industry are based on the International System of Units, the SI. It has been proposed to revise the SI following an approach which had already been implemented for the redefinition of the unit of length, the metre

Kicking the Tires of the NIST Microwave Uncertainty Framework Part 2*

November 27, 2017
Author(s)
Ronald A. Ginley
Traceability of a measurement requires two parts. An unbroken chain of measurements and uncertainties for each link of the chain. The NIST Microwave Uncertainty Framework (MUF) can provide both the required parts for a single link in the chain or for

Method to Determine the Center of a Contrast Target from Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data

November 3, 2017
Author(s)
Prem K. Rachakonda, Balasubramanian Muralikrishnan, Daniel S. Sawyer, Ling Wang
Terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) are instruments that can measure 3D coordinates of objects at high speed resulting in high density 3D point cloud data without the necessity of a cooperative target. Contrast targets, also known as checkerboard targets

Redressing grievances with the treatment of dimensionless quantities in SI

October 3, 2017
Author(s)
David W. Flater
The International System of Units (SI) and its associated methods adhere to a design principle in which all kinds of quantities are described in terms of a standard set of dimensions. It is a corollary of that principle that quantities having no extent in

Phase noise generated by vibration of bacteria adhered to a quartz resonator

September 22, 2017
Author(s)
Ward L. Johnson, Danielle C. France, F L. Walls, William T. Cordell, Nikki S. Rentz
An approach is presented for sensing mechanical fluctuations of bacteria, with potential application in monitoring microbial responses to changes in chemical environment, such as antimicrobial intervention. Bacteria are tethered to a quartz crystal
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