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Fire

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Displaying 3301 - 3325 of 3902

Effects of Sample Mounting on Flammability Properties of Intumescent Polymers

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Thomas G. Cleary
Various flammability properties of polycarbonate samples were measured with the Cone Calorimeter and Lateral Ignition and Flame Spread, LIFT, devices at various external fluxes. Four different sample mountings were used with the Cone Calorimeter to

Global Density Effects on the Self-Preservation Behavior of Turbulent Free Jets

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
C D. Richards, William M. Pitts
An experimental investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that all axisymmetric turbulent free jets become asymptotically independent of the source conditions and may be described by classical similarity analysis. Effects of initial conditions were

Greatly Enhanced Soot Scattering in Flickering CH4/Air Diffusion Flames

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
K C. Smyth, J E. Harrington, Erik L. Johnsson, William M. Pitts
Planar images of laser-induced fluorescence from OH radicals and elastic scattering from soot particles are presented in time-varying laminar CH4/air diffusion flames burning in a co-flowing, axisymmetric configuration at atmospheric pressure. Acoustic

Heterogeneous Combustion

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang
The term "heterogeneous" in this chapter is used loosely to refer to systems in which there are two phases. Under this classification, the subject of heterogeneous combustion is so broad that it is impossible to cover every aspect of it in this chapter

Improvement in Predicting Smoke Movement in Compartmented Structures

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
Walter W. Jones, Glenn P. Forney
This paper describes improvements which have been made in the CFAST model of fire growth and smoke transport for compartmented structures. In particular, we are interested in the ability to model the movement of toxic gases from the room of origin of a

Soot

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins
The major source of carbonaceous soot released into the environment is from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and other organic matter. Principal sources of soot emissions are coal burning furnaces, refuse burning, code production processes, wood

Verification of a Model of Fire and Smoke Transport

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Walter W. Jones, Richard W. Bukowski
A set of comparisons between a comprehensive room fire model and a range of real-scale fire experiments is presented. For these comparisons, a zone-based model, CFAST ('consolidated fire and smoke transport' model) is used. The model predicts the evolution

Workshop on Elevator Use During Fires

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
J H. Klote, Scott Deal, Bernard M. Levin, N E. Groner, E. A. Donoghue
Throughout most of the world, warning signs next to elevators indicate they should not be used in fire situations. These elevators are not intended as means of fire egress, and they should not be used for fire evacuation (Sumka 1988). The idea of using

Analysis of the Happyland Social Club Fire With HAZARD I

December 31, 1992
Author(s)
Richard W. Bukowski, Robert C. Spetzler
The paper presents the reconstruction of the Happyland Social Club fire using the HAZARD I fire hazard assessment method along with an examination of four potential mitigation strategies: automatic sprinklers, a door at the base of the stairway to the

A User's Guide for CFAST Version 1.6

December 1, 1992
Author(s)
Paul A. Reneke, Walter W. Jones, Richard D. Peacock, Rebecca W. Portier
CFAST is a zone model capable of predicting the environment in a multi-compartmentstructure subjected to a fire. This guide provides a detailed description of the pre- and post-processing routines used by the model, the data input requirements, and the

Ignition and Subsequent Flame Spread Over a Thin Cellulosic Material.

December 1, 1992
Author(s)
Kazuyoshi K. Nakabe, Howard R. Baum, Takashi Kashiwagi
Both ignition and ffame spread on solid fuels are processes that not only are of considerable scientific interest but that also have important fire safety applications. Both types of processes, ignition and flame spread, are complicated by strong coupling

Reduction of Hydrogen Cyanide Concentrations and Acute Inhalation Toxicity From Flexible Polyurethane Foam Combustion Products by the Addition of Copper Compounds. Part 4. Effects of Combustion Conditions and Scaling on the Generation of Hydrogen cyanide

December 1, 1992
Author(s)
Barbara C. Levin, E Braun, M Paabo, Richard H. Harris Jr., Magdalena Navarro
Two full-scale protocols (A & B) were tested to determine the efficacy of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) in reducing the concentrations of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from flexible polyurethane foams (FPU) when thermally decomposed under "realistic" room conditions. In

Toxic Potency Measurement for Fire Hazard Analysis. Technical Note.

December 1, 1992
Author(s)
V Babrauskas, B C. Levin, Richard G. Gann, M Paabo, Richard H. Harris Jr., Richard D. Peacock, S Yusa
A comprehensive methodology has been developed for obtaining and using smoke toxicity data for fire hazard analysis. This description of the methodology comprises: determination that the post-flashover fire is the proper focus of smoke inhalation deaths

Visibility of Exit Signs in Clear and Smoky Conditions

December 1, 1992
Author(s)
Belinda L. Collins, M S. Dahir, Daniel M. Madrzykowski
In the present study, the visibility of several types of internally lit exit signs was assessed under both clear and smoky conditions. In the evaluation both photometric and psychophysical measures were taken.

Toxicity Data for Fire Hazard Analysis

October 27, 1992
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Vyto Babrauskas, E Braun, Barbara C. Levin, M Paabo, Richard H. Harris Jr., Richard D. Peacock, S Yusa
A comprehansive methodology has been developed for obtaining and using smoke toxicity data for fire hazard analysis. The methodology comprises: determination that the post-flashover fire is the propert focus of smoke inhalation deaths; criteria for a
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