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PUBLICATIONS

Analysis of the Happyland Social Club Fire With HAZARD I

Published

Author(s)

Richard W. Bukowski, Robert C. Spetzler

Abstract

The paper presents the reconstruction of the Happyland Social Club fire using the HAZARD I fire hazard assessment method along with an examination of four potential mitigation strategies: automatic sprinklers, a door at the base of the stairway to the second floor, a second means of egress from the second floor, or a noncombustible interior finish. The paper concludes that the traditional second means of egress might have not have eliminated the observed fatalities. and that the noncombustible interior finish or sprinkler options would, with the former being the more cost effective approach.
Citation
Journal of Fire Protection Engineering
Volume
4
Pub Type
Journals

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Keywords

hazard assessment, building fires, computer programs, hazard analysis, sprinklers, stairways, exits, costs, tenability limits, temperature, energy transfer, layer heights, oxygen concentration, carbon monoxide, fire investigations
Fire and Disaster and failure studies

Citation

Bukowski, R. and Spetzler, R. (1992), Analysis of the Happyland Social Club Fire With HAZARD I, Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=908806 (Accessed October 13, 2025)

Issues

If you have any questions about this publication or are having problems accessing it, please contact [email protected].

Created December 31, 1992, Updated February 19, 2017
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