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Fire

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Displaying 3276 - 3300 of 3902

Agent Screening for Halon 1301 Aviation Replacement

October 20, 1993
Author(s)
William L. Grosshandler, Richard G. Gann, Anthony P. Hamins, Marc R. Nyden, William M. Pitts, Jiann C. Yang, Michael R. Zachariah
A comprehensive experimental program is described in which eleven gaseous agents and sodium bicarbonate powder have been screened, so that the best three candidates for subsequent full-scale aircraft fire extinguishment evaluation can be identified

Agent/System Compatibility for Halon 1301 Aviation Replacement

October 20, 1993
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, E Braun, Thomas G. Cleary, Richard H. Harris Jr., F Horkay, Gregory T. Linteris, G B. McKenna, Marc R. Nyden, Richard D. Peacock, Richard E. Ricker, Mark R. Stoudt, W. K. Waldron
This project has developed measurement methods and provided data for the appraisal of 12 USAF-specified candidate halon 1301 replacements for compatibility with flight systems, people, and the environment. The exposures of metals, elastomers and lubricants

Smoke Plume Trajectory From In Situ Burning of Crude Oil in Alaska (NISTIR 5273)

October 1, 1993
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Anthony D. Putorti Jr., W H. Twilley, D D. Evans
Experimentation, analysis, and modeling have been performed to predict the downwind dispersion of smoke resulting from in situ burning of oil spills. North Slope and Cook Inlet crude oils are burned on water in a 1.2 meter diameter pan. Smoke yields were

New Concepts for Fire Protection of Passenger Rail Transportation Vehicles

September 23, 1993
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Richard W. Bukowski, Walter W. Jones, Paul A. Reneke
Recent advances in guided ground transportation, fire test methods, and hazard analysis necessitate re-examination of requirements for fire safety. Several studies have indicated nearly random ability of current tests to predict actual fire behavior. A

Test Methods for Quantifying the Propensity of Cigarettes to Ignite Soft Furnishings. Volume 2. [Also included is: Cigarette Extinction Test Method]

August 1, 1993
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, K M. Villa, E Braun, K Eberhardt, Richard H. Harris Jr., James R. Lawson
Research funded under the Fire Safe Cigarette Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-352) has led to the development of two test methods for measuring the ignition propensity of cigarettes. The Mock-Up Ignition Test Method uses substrated physically similar to upholstered

Assessing the Flammability of Composite Materials

July 30, 1993
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Thomas G. Cleary, James E. Brown, John R. Shields
Composite materials offer the potential for substantial weight savings in the structure of both surface ships and submarines. However, the organic nature of the binder resins in these materials implies that one would be replacing non-flammable materials

Fire Evacuation by Elevators

June 1, 1993
Author(s)
J H. Klote, Scott Deal, E. A. Donoghue, Bernard M. Levin, N Groner
There is a rising concern for the safety of persons from fire who cannot travel building emergency exit routes in the same manner or as quickly as expected of able persons. One proposed solution for providing safety for these people is the use of elevators

Dynamics of the Release of Alternate Halon Replacement Agents From Pressurized Bottles

May 11, 1993
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Jiann C. Yang, B D. Breuel, W G. Cleveland, G. Gmurczyk
Halon 1301 has been widely employed on military and commercial aircraft for fire fighting purposes. Unfortunately, due to the deleterious effects of chlorine and bromine on stratospheric ozone, the manufacture of halon 1301 will be phased out by the end of

Solubilities of Nitrogen and Freon-23 in Alternative Halon Replacement Agents

May 11, 1993
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, B D. Breuel, William L. Grosshandler
As part of the USAF-sponsored halon replacement project, solubility measurements of nitrogen and Freon-23 in eleven potential halon replacement agents and evaluations of the thermodynamic properties of the agents are currently being conducted at NIST. The

Structure of Inhibited Counterflowing Nonpremixed Flames

May 11, 1993
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, M H. Yang, I K. Puri
Recent international agreements call for a halt to the manufacture of CF3Br (Halon 1301), a commonly used halon fire suppressant, due to its high ozone-depletion potential. Ideally, the search for replacement compounds should be guided by fundamental

Extinction of Inhibited, Stretched and Diluted Counterflowing Flames

March 15, 1993
Author(s)
M H. Yang, I K. Puri, Anthony Hamins
It has been shown that a criteria for flame extinction can be described by the Damkohler Number which is the ratio of a characteristic flow or diffusion time to a characteristic chemical reaction time. As the Damkohler Number is reduced the fuel burning

Production Mechanisms for Carbon Monoxide in Enclosure Fires

March 15, 1993
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Nelson P. Bryner, Erik L. Johnsson
Roughly two thirds of all deaths resulting from enclosure fires can be attributed to the presence of carbon monoxide (CO), which is known to be the dominant toxicant in fire deaths. The mechanisms responsible for the generation of high concentrations of CO

Simultaneous Optical Measurement of Soot Volume Fraction and Temperature

March 15, 1993
Author(s)
M. Y. Choi, Anthony Hamins, Takashi Kashiwagi
Radiative heat transfer processes in large fires govern the burning rate, the flame spread rate and the potential for fire hazards. These processes are controlled by the detailed structure of the fire, primarily the temperature and soot distributions. In

Computer-Aided Molecular Design of Fire Resistant Aircraft Materials

February 9, 1993
Author(s)
Marc R. Nyden, James E. Brown
Molecular dynamic simulations and Cone Calorimeter measurements were used to assess the effects of electron beam irradiation and heat treatments on the flammability of the honeycomb composites used in the sidewalls, ceilings and stowage bins of commercial

Non-Halogenated, Flame Retarded Polycarbonate

February 9, 1993
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Thomas G. Cleary, G C. Davis, J H. Lupinski
Various flammability properties of a siloxane-containing bisphenol-A polycarbonate sample, with the siloxane as an additive or as a copolymer, were measured and compared with those of a pure polycarbonate sample. The results show that the peak heat release
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