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Fire

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Displaying 3251 - 3275 of 3902

Analyzing and Exploiting Numerical Characteristics of Zone Fire Models

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Glenn P. Forney, W F. Moss
In order to design robust and stable zone fire modeling algorithms, the numerical properties of computer arithmetic and modeling differential equations must be understood. This report examines some of these properties and provides tools for their analysis

Comparison of a Fractal Smoke Optics Model With Light Extinction Measurements

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
R A. Dobbins, George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner
Optical cross-sections of carbonaceous aggregates (smoke) formed by combustion sources have been computed based on fractal concepts. Specific extinction depends upon the primary particle size, the structure of the aggregate as represented by the fractal

Evaluation of Suction Line-Liquid Line Heat Exchange in the Refrigeration Cycle

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski, David Didion, J. P. Doyle
The paper presents a theoretical evaluation of the performance effects resulting from the installation of a liquid-line/suction-line heat exchanger (LLSL-HX). It examines cycle parameters and refrigerant thermodynamic properties that determine whether the

Fire Safety of Passenger Trains: A Review of Current Approaches and of New Concepts (TN 1406)

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Richard W. Bukowski, Walter W. Jones, Paul A. Reneke, Vyto Babrauskas, James E. Brown
Recent advances in passenger guided transportation, fire test methods, and hazard analysis necessitate re-examination of requirements for fire safety. Several studies have indicated nearly random ability of current tests to predict actual fire behavior

Flow of Alternative Agents in Piping

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Thomas G. Cleary, William L. Grosshandler, Jiann C. Yang
As part of the USAF, Army, Navy and FAA sponsored halon replacement project, the pipe flow characteristics of selected alternative agents for engine nacelle tire protection are being studied. Due to the remote location of the agent storage bottle, piping

Heat Flux From Flames to Vertical Surfaces

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
J. G. Quintiere, Thomas Cleary
Dimensional analysis is used to examine heat transfer from flames to vertical surfaces. Configurations include a line fire against a wall, a square burner flame against a wall and in a corner, and window flames impinging on a wall. Dimensionless parameters

Influence of Ignition Source on the Flaming Fire Hazard of Upholstered Furniture

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Thomas G. Cleary, Thomas J. Ohlemiller, K M. Villa
A set of upholstered chairs constructed from five different fabric/foam combinations was subjected to a variety of ignition sources suggested by fire statistics. The sources included a cigarette, a small match-like flame, an incandescent lamp, a space

Oxidation of Soot and Carbon Monoxide in Hydrocarbon Diffusion Flames

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
R. Puri, R J. Santoro, K C. Smyth
Quantitative OH concentrations and primary soot particle sizes have been determined in the soot oxidation regions of axisymmetric diffusion flames burning methane, methane/butane, and methane/1-butene in air at atmospheric pressure. The total carbon flow

Pressure Equations in Zone-Fire Modeling

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Ronald G. Rehm, Glenn P. Forney
The nonadiabatic nature of low-speed combustion and fire, in which strongly exothermic reactions produce large temperature variations but only mild pressure variations, can cause difficulty when integrating zone models of enclosure fires. Examples of

Radiometric Model of the Transmission Cell-Reciprocal Nephelometer

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner
A radiometric model has been developed to assess the effects of angular truncation, finite size of the detector, and angle response characteristics of the cosine sensor on the measurement of the total scattering coefficient by a transmission cell

Role of Refrigerant Mixtures

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
David Didion
The primary approach industry has taken to fill the void resulting from the elimination of the most important CFCs (i.e., R11 and R12) has been to develop other single component refrigerants (i.e., HCFC-123 and HFC-134a) which have very low or zero ozone

Simulation of Dry Bay Discharge of Alternative Agents

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, Thomas G. Cleary, William L. Grosshandler
As a continuation of the USAF/Navy/Amy/FAA sponsored halon replacement project, the discharge characteristics of the three selected akernative agents (CFJ, FC-218. and HFC- 125) for dry bay applications will be further evaluated. Halon 1301 will also be

Sidejet Strength and Mixing in Self-Excited Jets. [Abstract ONLY]

November 21, 1993
Author(s)
A W. Johnson, William M. Pitts
Absolutely unstable jet flows are known to produce vigorous and intermittent lateral ejections of fluid, or 'sidejets'. Sidejet generation has been attributed to the near-field interaction of axisymmetric vorticies, streamwise vorticies, and lobes formed

Rayleigh Light Scattering Studies of Turbulent Mixing

October 25, 1993
Author(s)
William M. Pitts
Turbulent combustion remains a very active research area. This interest is justified due to the pivotal role it plays in a wide variety of technologically important processes. Development of models for combusting flows is crucial for the more efficient
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