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Y. R. Sivathanu, Anthony Hamins, Robert Hagwood, Takashi Kashiwagi
Deconvolution of local properties from line-of-sight measurements is important in a wide variety of applications such as x-ray tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, atmospheric sciences, optical inteferometry and flow field diagnostics. The Radon
Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Walter W. Jones, Richard W. Bukowski, Vyto Babrauskas
Recent advances in passenger rail transportation, fire test methods, and hazard analysis necessitate re-examination of requirements for fire safety. Several studies have indicated nearly random ability of current bench-scale tests to predict actual fire
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of sprinkler activation models to predict activation time. Large scale compartment fire tests were used to obtain activation times for four different types of sprinklers. The tests were conducted in
A fast response variable amplitude cold gas thruster is described. A laboratory prototype comprised of a piezoelectric stack and an associated microporcessor-based programmable dc power source, a low-loss mechanical displacement amplifier, a high-pressure
Test results of ten hybrid precast concrete beam-to-column connections are presented. These tests constitute Phave IV of an experimental program on 1/3-scale model precast moment resisting connections conducted at the National Institute of Standards and
The report presents a theoretical analysis of three vapor compression cycles which are derived from the Rankine cycle by incorporating a liquid-line/suction-line heat exchanger, economizer, or ejector. These addendums to the basic cycle reduce throttling
James R. Lawson, E Braun, Laurean A. DeLauter, G Roadarmel
An interstitial space building construction assembly, consisting of a walk-on deck suspended from above by structural steel which also supported a functional floor, reproduce a design planned for use in a new hospital complex at Elmendorf Air Force Base
A kinetic mechanism of eighty-some reactions for flames in mixtures of hydrogen and nitrogen dioxide is systematically reduced to twenty-four-, eleven-, seven-, two-, and one-step mechanisms. The numerically predicted burning rates for the full mechanism
This report summarizes a large number of investigations designed to characterize the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) in enclosures fires - the most important factor in fire deaths. It includes the first complete review and analysis of the studies which
R. J. Berry, Donald R. Burgess Jr., Marc R. Nyden, Michael R. Zachariah, M Schwartz
Atomic equivalent (AEQ), BAC-MP4, G2(MP2), G2, CBS-4, BCS-Q, and CBS-QCI/APNO molecular orbital calculations were used to calculate enthalpies of formation in the series of fluoromethanes, CHxF4-x, x = 0-4. While the computed BAC-MP4 and CBS-4 were in
Valeri I. Babushok, Donald R. Burgess Jr., Gregory T. Linteris, Wing Tsang, A W. Miziolek
We have completed an initial computational study related to acid gas formation for two of the leading near-term Halon substitutes, FE-13 (CF,H) and HFC-125 (C,F,H), and compared these results with Halon 1301 (CF,Br). Our goal is to determine whether we can
Thomas G. Cleary, Jiann C. Yang, William L. Grosshandler, Michelle King, C I. Boyer
As part of the U.S. Air Force, Army, Navy and FAA Halon Replacement Project at NIST, the pipe flow characteristics were investigated for three engine nacelle alternative candidates: HFC-227ea, HFC-125 and CF31. The flow regime in suppression system piping
C A. Womeldorf, William L. Grosshandler, M Mitchell
This paper describes the selection of a simulant of CF3Br for the purpose of certification testing engine nacelles fire suppression systems. In order to illustrate the storage, delivery, and distribution requirements of CF3Br, relevant characteristics of
Nonflammable zeotropic mixtures of flammable and nonflammable rerigerants are possible alternative refrigerants for use in domestic heat pumps and air conditioners. Refrigerant leakage from such a system is of paramount concern since it is possible that a
Three existing models of upward flame spread were tested against intermediate-scale experiments on a vinyl-ester/glass composite. Characterization of rate of heat release per unit area, needed as input to the models, was obtained at external radiant fluxes
The agents which are currently being considered as replacements for fire suppressant agent CF3Br are mostly fluorinated hydrocarbons and perfluorinated alkanes. This abstract describes measurements of the reduction in burning rate of premixed methane-air
Nelson P. Bryner, Erik L. Johnsson, William M. Pitts
The formation of carbon monoxide during room or compartment fires has been investigated using natural gas fires burning within a reduced-scale enclosure (RSE), an 0.98 m x 0.98 m x 1.46 m (w x h x d) room with a single door opening centered in the front
Both the chemical kinetic and thermal channels of inhibition must be simultaneously characterized in order to understand the effectiveness of chemical agents on flame stability. However, due to the participation of inhibitors in flame chemistry, it is
Glenn P. Forney, Richard W. Bukowski, William D. Davis
This paper documents a portion of the work performed during the first year of the International Fire Detection Research Project sponsored by the National Fire Protection Research Foundation (NFPRF). The first task was to confirm that fire sensor response
William D. Davis, Glenn P. Forney, Richard W. Bukowski
The rapid activation of fire detection and suppression systems in response to a growing fire is one of the important factors required to provide for life safety and property protection. Rapid activation requires that sensors be located at optimal distances
Anthony P. Hamins, D. Baghdadi, P. Borthwick, M Glover, William L. Grosshandler, D L. Lowe, L Melton, Cary Presser
The engine nacelle encases the jet engine compressor, combustor and turbine. A nacelle fire is typically a turbulent diffusion flame stabilized behind an obstruction in a moderately high speed air flow. The most likely source for a fire in the nacelle are
William D. Davis, Glenn P. Forney, Richard W. Bukowski
The rapid activation of fire detection and suppression systems in response to a growing fire is one of the important factors required to provide for life safety and property protection. Rapid activation requires that sensors be located at optimal distances
The study which is the subject of this record was carried out in two stages. The objective of the first phase was to investigate the effect of electron beam irradiation and grafting on polymer flammability. The time to ignition and the rate-of-heat-release
Mark A. Kedzierski, J. M. Crowder, A. M. Jacobi, L. Zhang
This report records a visual measurement technique for analyzing bubbles formed by nucleate flow boiling. The purpose of measuring these bubbles is to expand understanding the boiling process. By studying the behavior of these vapor bubbles, a better
Halogenated fire extinguishing agents such as CF3Br decompose in flames to form hydrogen halides such as HF and HBr and other toxic and corrosive products. Possible replacements for halon 1301 are required in significantly higher concentrations to