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Fire

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Displaying 3201 - 3225 of 3902

Experimental Study of the Optical Properties of Soot and Smoke (NISTIR 5499)

September 1, 1994
Author(s)
M Y. Choi, George W. Mulholland, Anthony Hamins, Takashi Kashiwagi
The accurate measurement of flame-generated particlates is a problem of current interest to researchers in the fire and combustion community. Within the flame, the soot concentration measurement is central to the study of soot growth and for radiant

Fire-Induced Mass Flow Into a Reduced-Scale Enclosure (NISTIR 5499)

September 1, 1994
Author(s)
Erik L. Johnsson, Nelson P. Bryner, William M. Pitts
Enclosure fires are of great interest because of the resulting loss of life and property, yet the fluid dynamic and chemical behaviors of fires within enclosures are still not well understood. In recent decades, it has become clear that burning rates, fire

Flame Suppression Effectiveness of Halon Alternatives (NISTIR 5499)

September 1, 1994
Author(s)
William L. Grosshandler, Anthony P. Hamins
The elimination of new production of halon 1301 has forced the manufacturers, owners, and users of aircraft to search for an alternative. The program described here developed performance screens for candidate agents as a means to identify the best

Model for the Burning of a Horizontal Slab of Wood: Status Report (NISTIR 5499)

September 1, 1994
Author(s)
Kenneth D. Steckler, Anthony P. Hamins, Takashi Kashiwagi
We are in the process of developing a burning-rate model for char-forming materials. Currently, the combustion of a horizontal slab of wood, exposed to an external radiant source, is being modeled in terms of two coupled sub-models which simulate gas and

Pipe Flow Characteristics of Alternative Agent/Nitrogen Mixtures (NISTIR 5499)

September 1, 1994
Author(s)
Thomas G. Cleary, M D. King, Jiann C. Yang, William L. Grosshandler
The evaluation of alternative agents for application in engine nacelle fire protection includes delivery efficiency of agent from a remote storge bottle through piping to the nacelle injection loacation. Present military requirements for halon systems

Pool Burning of Silicone Fluids (NISTIR 5499)

September 1, 1994
Author(s)
R Buch, Anthony Hamins, John R. Shields, P. Borthwick, R T. Baum, Marc R. Nyden, Takashi Kashiwagi
Siloxane fluids have a number of industrial applications including use as transformer fluids. The objective of the present study was to improve our understanding of the burning of siloxane fluids. The fluids studied are octamethylcyclotetra siloxane, [(CH3

Santa Ana Fire Department Experiment at 1315 South Bristol, July 14, 1994. Report of Test.

August 31, 1994
Author(s)
Anthony D. Putorti Jr., William D. Walton, W H. Twilley, Scott Deal, John Albers
This report of test addresses a fire experiment conducted on July 14, 1994 in a vacant single family dwelling at 1315 South Bristol Street in Santa Ana, California. Fire phenomena measured included: temperatures within various rooms, the velocity and

Santa Ana Fire Department Experiment at 1315 South Bristol, July 14, 1994. Report of Test.

August 31, 1994
Author(s)
Anthony D. Putorti Jr., William D. Walton, W H. Twilley, Scott Deal, J. C. Albers
The Santa Ana Fire Department of Santa Ana, California conducted a series of fire experiments in residences on South Bristol Street in the city of Santa Ana in July, 1994. NIST provided technical support, consisting of measurements of fire phenomena, to

Upward Flame Spread on Composite Materials

August 28, 1994
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Thomas G. Cleary
The composite materials of interest in this work contain several piles of long, high strength fibers, typically woven in some fixed pattern; the layered multi-ply structure is embedded with an organic polymer resin. Such composites offer a high strength-to

Acid Gas Production in Inhibited Propane-Air Diffusion Flames

August 21, 1994
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris
The proposed replacements to halon 1301, mainly fluorinated and chlorinated hydrocarbons, are expected to be required in significantly higher concentrations than CF3Br to extinguish fires. At these higher concentrations the by-products of the inhibited

Compatibility of Halon Alternatives During Storage

August 21, 1994
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Carlos R. Beauchamp, Thomas G. Cleary, J L. Fink, Richard H. Harris Jr., F Horkay, G B. McKenna, Thomas P. Moffat, Marc R. Nyden, Richard D. Peacock, Richard E. Ricker, Mark R. Stoudt, W. K. Waldron
A key facet of the evaluation of new fire suppressants is their behavior under pressure and at elevated temperature in a metal storage container with an elastomer seal. In this study, 13 candidate chemicals have been examines: C2F6, C3F8, C4F10, cyclo-C4F8

Flammability Properties of Honeycomb Composites and Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins

August 21, 1994
Author(s)
Marc R. Nyden, James E. Brown, S M. Lomakin
The flammability properties of honeycomb composites, which are used in the interior cabin compartments of commercial aircraft, were examined. Analyses of the gases evolved during the thermal degradation of the components indicated that the phenol

Carbon Monoxide Formation in Fires by High-Temperature Anaerobic Wood Pyrolysis

July 31, 1994
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Erik L. Johnsson, Nelson P. Bryner
Building fire fatalities often occur at locations remote from the room where the fire is actually burning. The majority of these fire deaths are the result of smoke inhalation, primarily due to exposure to carbon monoxide (CO). Although causing nearly 2500

Extinction of Nonpremixed Flames With Halogenated Fire Suppressants

July 31, 1994
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, D Trees, K Seshadri, H K. Chelliah
An experimental, analytical, and numerical study was performed to elucidate the influence of eleven gaseous agents, considered to be substitutes for CF3Br, on the structure and critical conditions of extinction of diffusion flames burning liquid
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