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Fire

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Displaying 3051 - 3075 of 3902

Carbon Monoxide Formation Algorithm (NISTIR 6030)

June 1, 1997
Author(s)
William M. Pitts
This paper discusses an engineering approach for estimating the generation rate of carbon monoxide (CO) within a room containing a fire. The algorithm incorporates four CO formation mechanisms which have been identified in past investigations.

Evaluation of Complex Fire Models (NISTIR 6030)

June 1, 1997
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Walter W. Jones
Several methods for studying predictive capability and sensitivity have been applied to fire models, but with limited utility. These range from explicit evaluation of the equations used in simple models such as ASET to evaluation of complex models from

Evaluation of Seismic Performance Parameters

June 1, 1997
Author(s)
Hai S. Lew
Recent earthquakes have shown that buildings designed for life safety could sustain severe damage to structural and nonstructural elements and building contents. In the U.S. several groups have proposed performance-based seismic design approaches to

Flame Suppression by Halon Alternatives (NISTIR 6030)

June 1, 1997
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins
A series of experimental measurements were conducted in a baffle stabilized turbulent jet spray flame and a baffle stabilized pool fire in an effort to provide an improved understanding of the influence of various parameters on the processes controlling

Prototype FDMS Database for Model Verification (NISTIR 6030)

June 1, 1997
Author(s)
Rebecca W. Portier, Richard Peacock, Walter W. Jones
Fire Data Management System, FDMS, is a system designed to store and retrieve fire test results obtained from bench-scale and real-scale tests as well as fire simulation programs. By storing available fire test values in a common format, this data is

Test Fire Signatures and the Fire-Emulator/Detector-Evaluation (NISTIR 6030)

June 1, 1997
Author(s)
William L. Grosshandler, Thomas G. Cleary
Existing methods for evaluating the performance of smoke and thermal detectors are reviewed. The levels of combustion gases, smoke, temperature and velocity likely to be produced in the European standard detector test fires are discussed, and this

Experimental Observations of PMMA Spheres Burning at Reduced Gravity

May 19, 1997
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, Anthony P. Hamins, M Glover, M D. King
Polymer combustion is a very complicated process which involves the coupling of gas-phase combustion, melting, pyrolysis and possible charring of the condensed phase. Although only a few studies on the combustion of a spherically shaped polymer have been

Flammability Studies of New Cyanate Ester Resins

May 4, 1997
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Richard H. Harris Jr., James E. Brown
We have synthesized several new cyanate ester functionalized polystyrene polymers and copolymers. Poly(4-cyanatostyrene), PCS, poly(4-cyanatostyrene) "polymer grade", PCS-PG, poly(4-cyanatostyrene "novalak grade", PCS-NG, poly(4-cyanatostyrene-co

Algorithm for Estimating Carbon Monoxide Formation in Enclosure Fires

March 3, 1997
Author(s)
William M. Pitts
This paper introduces an engineering approach for estimating the generation rate of carbon monoxide (CO) within a room containing a fire. Four CO formation mechanisms: 1) quenching of a turbulent fire plume upon entering a rich upper layer, 2) mixing of

Effect of Sample Size on the Heat Release Rate of Charring Materials

March 3, 1997
Author(s)
S J. Ritchie, Kenneth D. Steckler, Anthony P. Hamins, Thomas G. Cleary, Jiann C. Yang, Takashi Kashiwagi
The burning of a horizontal wood slab situated atop an insulating substrate was modeled using three coupled submodels for the gas-phase, wood, and substrate processes. A global analytical model was used to determine the radiative and convective heat

Human Behavior in the World Trade Center Evacuation

March 3, 1997
Author(s)
R F. Fahy, Guylene Proulx
An explosion below the World Trade Center plaza in New York City on February 26, 1993, killed six workers, and resulted in injuries to over 1,000 occupants as they made their way out of the affected buildings. The explosion and subsequent fire caused

Three Dimensional Modeling of Intumescent Behavior in Fires

March 3, 1997
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Howard R. Baum, Takashi Kashiwagi
A method of studying the swelling and thermal behavior of intumescent materials using understanding of the basic physical and chemical processes is described. The material is treated as a highly viscous fluid with properties dependent on temperature. the

Hybrid Reinforced Precast Frame for Seismic Regions

March 1, 1997
Author(s)
J Stanton, William C. Stone, Geraldine S. Cheok
A precast, prestressed concrete framing system for resisting earthquake loads is described. The system uses both unbonded post-tensioned reinforcement and bonded bar reinforcement. Tests hve shown that its performance is equal or superior to that of a

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFLUENCES OF HALOGENATED FIRE SUPPRESSANTS

January 1, 1997
Author(s)
Valeri I. Babushok, Anthony P. Hamins, Wing Tsang, T Noto
The specific mechanisms by which fire suppressants influence flame properties have been determined on the basis of computer simulations. Attention is focussed on the relative contributions from physical and chemical processes. Chemical effects are most

Facility for Calibrating Heat Flu Sensors in a Convective Environment

January 1, 1997
Author(s)
David G. Holmberg, Kenneth D. Steckler, C A. Womeldorf, William L. Grosshandler
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) presently conducts heat flux sensor calibrations using standard radiation methods. In practice, however, many heat flux sensors are used in test environments where convective heat transfer dominates

Inhibitor Influence on the Bistability of a CSTR

January 1, 1997
Author(s)
Valeri I. Babushok, T Noto, Donald R. Burgess Jr., Anthony P. Hamins, Wing Tsang
Methane combustion in a continuously stirred flow tank reactor (CSTR) in the presence and absence of chemical inhibitors such as CF3I, CF3Br, CF3H, and a chemically inert gas with high heat capacity is simulated with the CHEMKIN program. The aim of the
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