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Environment

Greenhouse Gas Measurements

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Displaying 151 - 175 of 199

Identification of Isethionic Acid and Other Small Molecule Metabolites of Fragilariopsis cylindrus with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

July 8, 2012
Author(s)
Dan Bearden, Arezue F. Boroujerdi, Peter A. Lee, Giacomo R. DiTullio, Michael G. Janech, Sarah B. Vied
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-spectroscopy has been used to obtain metabolic profiles of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus, leading to the identification of a novel metabolite in this organism. Initial results from an ongoing metabolomics study

The winter time South Pole tropospheric water vapor column: Comparisons of radiosonde and recent terahertz radiometry, use of the saturated column as a proxy measurement; and inference of decadal trends

July 7, 2012
Author(s)
Richard A. Chamberlin, Erich N. Grossman
We use a fifty year record of winter time radiosonde observations at the South Pole to estimate the precipitable water vapor column (PWV) over the entire period. Humidity data from older radiosondes is of limited reliability; however, we think an

SORCE SSI Workshop Summary

July 1, 2012
Author(s)
Joseph P. Rice, Jerald Harder, Martin Snow, Thomas Woods
Over 30 scientists and calibration specialists gathered at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, for the first Solar Spectral Irradiance (SSI) Variations Workshop, Feb. 28-March 1, 2012. The purpose of the

Direct-comb molecular spectroscopy with accurate, resolved comb teeth over 43 THz

February 15, 2012
Author(s)
Alexander M. Zolot, Fabrizio R. Giorgetta, Esther Baumann, Jeffrey W. Nicholson, William C. Swann, Ian R. Coddington, Nathan R. Newbury
We demonstrate a dual comb spectrometer using stabilized frequency combs spanning 176 THz to 219 THz (1370 nm to 1700 nm) in the near infrared. Measurements of amplitude and phase response at each individual comb tooth span the full 43 THz, generating ~430

High-resolution, high-accuracy dual comb spectroscopy with over 40 THz bandwidth

January 20, 2012
Author(s)
Alexander M. Zolot, Fabrizio R. Giorgetta, Esther Baumann, William C. Swann, Jeff Nicholson, Ian R. Coddington, Nathan R. Newbury
Most spectroscopic instruments directly measure optical wavelength, which is converted to frequency and calibrated against spectral features that have traditionally been measured using complicated frequency chain methods. In the past decade optical

2-Bromo-3,3,3-Trifluoropropene: OH Reaction Rate Constant, IR Absorption Spectrum, Ozone Depletion Potentials and Global Warming Potentials

December 30, 2011
Author(s)
Kenneth O. Patten, Victor Khamaganov, Vladimir L. Orkin, Steven L. Baughcum, Donald J. Wuebbles
The rate constant for the gas phase reaction of OH radicals with BTP (2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, CH2=CBrCF3) was measured using a flash photolysis resonance-fluorescence technique over the temperature range 220 K to 370 K. The Arrhenius plot was found

Amplification of the optical absorption cross section for aerosols of soot with a nonabsorbing coating from photoacoustic measurements

May 13, 2011
Author(s)
Pedro Bueno, Daniel K. Havey, George W. Mulholland, Joseph T. Hodges, Keith A. Gillis, Russell R. Dickerson, Michael R. Zachariah
A quantitative understanding of the absorption and scattering properties of mixed soot and aerosol particles is necessary for evaluating the Earth's energy balance. Uncertainty in the net radiative forcing of atmospheric aerosols is relatively large and

Dual comb spectroscopy from 1.25 to 1.7 ym

May 1, 2011
Author(s)
Alexander M. Zolot, Ian R. Coddington, Fabrizio R. Giorgetta, Esther Baumann, William C. Swann, Nathan R. Newbury
A coherent dual comb spectrometer spanning much of the near infrared was constructed from broadened erbium fiber lasers. Gas phase water, methane and acetylene spectra were measured and characterized toward establishing new frequency standards.

Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) and Related Chemicals, Chapter 1 in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project-Report No.52, 516 pp., World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011.

March 30, 2011
Author(s)
Stephen A. Montzka, S. Reimannander, Andreas Engel, Kirstin Kruger, O?Doherty Simon, William T. Sturges , Donald R. Blake , Marcel Dorf Dorf, Paul J. Fraser , Lucien Froidevaux , Kenneth Jucks, Karin Kreher, Michael J. Kurylo III, Abdelwahid Mellouki , John Miller , Ole J. Nielsen , Vladimir L. Orkin, Ronald G. Prinn , Robert Rhew , Michelle L. Santee , Andreas Stohl , Daniel P. Verdonik
The present document will be part of the information upon which the Parties to the United Nations Montreal Protocol will base their future decisions regarding protection of the stratospheric ozone layer. OVERVIEW It has been recognized since the 1970s that

Quantification and Compensation of Unintentional Analyte Aggregation in Electrospray Sampling

March 30, 2011
Author(s)
Mingdong M. Li, Suvajyoti S. Guha, Rebecca A. Zangmeister, Michael J. Tarlov, Michael R. Zachariah
Electrospray (ES) sources are commonly used to introduce non-volatile materials (e.g. nanoparticles, proteins, etc.) in to the gas phase for characterization by mass spectrometry and ion mobility. Recent studies in our group using electrospray ion mobility

High Accuracy Measurements of OH Reaction Rate Constants and IR and UV Absorption Spectra: Ethanol and Partially Fluorinated Ethyl Alcohols.

March 4, 2011
Author(s)
Vladimir L. Orkin, Victor Khamaganov, Larissa E. Martynova, Michael J. Kurylo III
Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals with ethanol and three fluorinated ethyl alcohols, CH3CH2OH (k0), CH2FCH2OH (k1), CHF2CH2OH (k2), and CF3CH2OH (k3) were measured using a flash photolysis resonance-fluorescence technique over the

Rate Constants for the Reactions between OH and Perfluorinated Alkenes

February 20, 2011
Author(s)
Vladimir L. Orkin, Gregory A. Poskrebyshev, Michael J. Kurylo III
The rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with fully fluorinated alkenes containing different number of –CF3 groups next to olefinic carbon, CF2=CF2, CF2=CFCF3, CF3CF=CFCF3, (CF3)2C=CFC2F5 were measured using the flash photolysis resonance

Performance of a coherent dual frequency comb spectrometer

January 1, 2011
Author(s)
Nathan R. Newbury, Esther Baumann, Ian R. Coddington, Fabrizio R. Giorgetta, William C. Swann, Alexander M. Zolot
We discuss the performance of a coherent dual frequency comb spectrometer in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, and accuracy based on experimental data in the near and short-wave infrared centered at 1.5 and 3.4 micrometers.

Broadband coherent spectroscopy in the near infrared using dual coherent frequency combs

August 15, 2010
Author(s)
Nathan R. Newbury, Ian R. Coddington, Esther Baumann, Fabrizio R. Giorgetta, William C. Swann, Alexander M. Zolot
Fiber-based frequency combs can provide broadband coherent light that enables new possibilities for high-accuracy, high-resolution broadband spectroscopy. We use a configuration with two coherently phase-locked combs; the output of one comb passes through

Standard Photoacoustic Spectrometer: Model and Validation using O2 A-Band Spectra

June 30, 2010
Author(s)
Keith A. Gillis, Daniel K. Havey, Joseph T. Hodges
We model and measure the absolute response of an intensity-modulated photoacoustic spectrometer comprising a 10 cm long resonator and having a Q-factor of approximately 30. We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the system and predict its response

Kinetics of the Thermal Reaction of H Atoms with Propyne

April 15, 2010
Author(s)
Claudette M. Rosado-Reyes, Jeffrey A. Manion, Wing Tsang
The reaction of hydrogen atoms with propyne(CH≡CCH3) has been investigated in a heated single pulse shock tube at temperatures of 870-1145K and pressures of 2-9 bar. Stable products from various reaction channels (terminal and non-terminal H addition, and
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