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Environment

Greenhouse Gas Measurements

Search Publications

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Displaying 126 - 150 of 199

Update on Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) and Other Gases of Interest to the Montreal Protocol, Chapter 1 in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project-Report No.55, 416 pp., World Meteorological Organiz

December 30, 2014
Author(s)
Lucy J. Carpenter, Stefan Reimann, Andreas Engel, Stephen Montzka, James B. Burkholder, Cathy Clerbaux, Bradley Hall, Shari A. Yvon-Lewis, Donald R. Blake, Marcel Dorf, Geoffre S. Dutton, Paul J. Fraser, Lucien Froidevaux, Fran?ois Hendrick, Jianxin Hu, Ashley Jones, Paul B. Krummel, Lambert J. Kuijpers, Michael J. Kurylo, Qing Liang, Emmanuel Mahieu, Jens M?hle, Simon O?Doherty, Keiichi Ohnishi, Vladimir L. Orkin, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Matt Rigby, Isobel J. Simpson, Yoko Yokouchi
Changes in the global atmospheric abundance of a substance are determined by the balance between its emissions and removal. Declines observed for ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) controlled under the Montreal Protocol are due to global emission reductions

Observations of Dicke narrowing and speed dependence in air-broadened CO2 lineshape near 2.06 um

November 3, 2014
Author(s)
Thinh Q. Bui, David Long, Agata Cygan, Vincent T. Sironneau, Daniel Hogan, Priyanka M. Rapusinghe, Mitchio Okumura
Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) was used to study CO2 lineshapes in the (20013)←(00001) band centered near 2.06 um. Two rovibrational transitions were chosen for this study to measure non-Voigt collisional effects for air

Frequency-Comb-Based Remote Sensing of Greenhouse Gases over Kilometer Air Paths

October 29, 2014
Author(s)
Greg B. Rieker, Fabrizio R. Giorgetta, William C. Swann, Jonathan Kofler, Alexander M. Zolot, Laura C. Sinclair, Esther Baumann, Christopher L. Cromer, G. Petron, Colm Sweeney, P P. Tans, Ian R. Coddington, Nathan R. Newbury
We demonstrate frequency comb tooth-by-tooth measurements of atmospheric gas absorption across a 2-km, turbulent, open-air path through coherent dual-comb spectroscopy. High accuracy, high signal-to-noise transmission spectra are acquired spanning 5990 to

Photochemical Properties of Hydrofluoroethers CH3OCHF2, CH3OCF3, and CHF2OCH2CF3: Reactivity toward OH, IR Absorption Cross Sections, Atmospheric Lifetimes and Global Warming Potentials

September 22, 2014
Author(s)
Vladimir L. Orkin, Victor Khamaganov, A G. Guschin
Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals with three partially fluorinated ethers, CH3OCF3 (kHFE-143a), CH3OCHF2 (kHFE-152a), and CHF2OCH2CF3 (kHFE-245fa), were measured using a discharge flow – electron paramagnetic resonance technique

Recommended isolated-line profile for representing high-resolution spectroscopic transitions

September 11, 2014
Author(s)
Joseph T. Hodges, Jonathan Tennyson, P F. Bernath, Alain Campargue, A Csaszar, L Daumont, R R. Gamache, D Lisak, Olga Naumenko, Lawrence Rothman, Ha Tran, N Zobov, Boone Chris, L Gianfrani, Jean M. Hartmann
Recommendations of an IUPAC Task Group formed in 2011 on “Intensities and line shapes in high-resolution spectra of water isotopologues from Experiment and Theory" (Project No. 2011-022-2- 100) on line profiles of high-resolution rotational-vibrational

Mid-Infrared Time-Resolved Frequency Comb Spectroscopy of Transient Free Radicals

June 10, 2014
Author(s)
Adam J. Fleisher, Bryce Bjork, Thinh Q. Bui, Kevin C. Cossel, Mitchio Okumura, Jun Ye
Quantitative measurements in chemical kinetics require unambiguous determinations of reactant, intermediate, and product concentrations on time scales faster than the reaction rate. Direct absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) can fulfill

Dependence of Soot Optical Properties on Particle Morphology: Measurements and Model Comparisons

February 18, 2014
Author(s)
James Radney, Rian You, Xiaofei Ma, Joseph Conny, Michael R. Zachariah, Joseph T. Hodges, Christopher D. Zangmeister
We measure the mass-specific absorption and extinction cross sections for laboratory-generated soot aerosols. Two soot morphologies are investigated, both comprising fractal aggregates of nearly spherical monomers. The first type consists of monomer chains

Filter Material Effects on Particle Absorption Characteristics

February 10, 2014
Author(s)
Cary Presser, Joseph M. Conny, Ashot Nazarian
The absorption coefficient and mass specific absorption cross section were determined for nigrosin-laden quartz, Teflon, and polycarbonate filters in inert surroundings at different steady-state temperatures and particle mass loadings. The objective was to

Chapter 3 Evaluation of Atmospheric Loss Processes

December 31, 2013
Author(s)
Vladimir L. Orkin, James B. Burkholder, Wahid Mellouki, Eric L. Fleming, Christian George, Charles H. Jackman, Timothy J. Wallington , Michael J. Kurylo , Dwayne E. Heard, William H. Swartz
Hydroxyl radical (OH), electronically excited atomic oxygen (O(1D)), and atomic chlorine (Cl) reaction rate coefficient data were evaluated and the estimated uncertainties in the recommended parameters reduced, in general, from those currently recommended

Achieving Climate Change Absolute Accuracy in Orbit

October 28, 2013
Author(s)
Bruce Wielicki, Joseph P. Rice
The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission will provide a metrology laboratory in orbit for the purpose of accurately measuring and attributing climate change. CLARREO measurements establish new climate change benchmarks

Rapid scan absorption spectroscopy using a waveform-driven electro-optic phase modulator in the 1.6- 1.65 ym region

September 25, 2013
Author(s)
Kevin O. Douglass, Stephen Maxwell, Gar W. Truong, Roger D. van Zee, Joseph T. Hodges, David Long, David F. Plusquellic
A method is reported for performing fast optical frequency scans over a bandwidth of 36.9 GHz and at a sweep rate of 40 kHz using a single second-order sideband from an electro-optic phase modulator driven by an arbitrary waveform generator. Single

A novel apparatus to measure reflected sunlight from the Moon

September 19, 2013
Author(s)
Claire E. Cramer, Gerald T. Fraser, Keith R. Lykke, John T. Woodward IV, Alan W. Smith
We describe a new apparatus for measuring the spectral irradiance of the Moon at visible wavelengths. Our effort builds upon the United States Geological Survey’s highly successful Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO), which determined a precise model for the

Open-Path Dual-Comb Spectroscopy of Greenhouse Gases

June 9, 2013
Author(s)
Greg B. Rieker, Fabrizio R. Giorgetta, William C. Swann, Ian R. Coddington, Laura C. Sinclair, Christopher L. Cromer, Esther Baumann, Alexander M. Zolot, Nathan R. Newbury
Frequency-comb spectroscopy in the near-infrared is used to measure atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentrations over a 2-km outdoor open-air path. This technique shows promise for measurements over length scales between point sensors and satellite systems.

Results from the International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE)

June 1, 2013
Author(s)
Bradley Hall, George C. Rhoderick, A Engel, J. Muhle, J. W. Elkins, F. Artuso, E. Atlas, M. Aydin, D. Blake, E. G. Brunke, S. Chiavarini, P. J. Fraser, J. Happell, Paul B. Krummel, I. Levin, M. Loewenstein, M. Malone, S. A. Montzka, S. O'Doherty, S. Reimann, E. S. Saltzman, H. E. Scheel, L. P. Steele, M. K. Vollmer, R. F. Weiss, D. Worthy, Y. Yokouchi
The International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE) was conducted to document relationships between calibrations scales among various laboratories that measure atmospheric greenhouse and ozone depleting gases. Six stainless steel cylinders

Photochemical Properties of Some Cl-Containing Halogenated Alkanes

May 31, 2013
Author(s)
Vladimir L. Orkin, Victor Khamaganov, E. E. Kasimovskaya, A G. Guschin
Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals with three partially halogenated alkanes, CHCl3 (kMC), CHFClCFCl2 (k122a), and CH2CFCl2 (k132c), were measured using a discharge flow – electron paramagnetic resonance technique over the temperature

Differential cavity ring-down spectroscopy

May 9, 2013
Author(s)
Jeremie B. Courtois, Katarzyna E. Bielska, Joseph T. Hodges
We present a technique called differential cavity ring-down spectroscopy (D-CRDS) for reducing etaloning effects in a ring-down spectrometer. The method relies on alternately measuring and then subtracting intra-cavity losses associated with pairwise TEM00

The distance dependences and spatial uniformities of spectral irradiance standard lamps

October 19, 2012
Author(s)
Howard W. Yoon, Gary D. Graham, Robert D. Saunders, Yuqin Zong, Eric L. Shirley
We describe the characterization of a group of NIST spectral irradiance lamps at longer distances and larger angles than are typically issued by NIST. The spectral irradiances from the FEL lamps were measured from 50 cm to 150 cm at 8 different distances
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