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Energy

Alternative energy

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Displaying 151 - 175 of 379

Beyond Catalysis and Membranes: Visualizing and Solving the Electrode Water Challenge in AEMFCs

February 8, 2018
Author(s)
Daniel S. Hussey, Travis J. Omasta, Andrew M. Park, Jacob M. LaManna, Yufeng Zheng, Xiong Peng, Lianqin Wang, David L. Jacobson, John R. Varcoe, Bryan S. Pivovar, William E. Mustain
A majority of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) reported in the literature have been unable to achieve high current or power. A recently proposed theory is that the achievable current is largely limited by poorly balanced water during cell

Differential degradation patterns of photovoltaic backsheets at the array level

February 4, 2018
Author(s)
Andrew W. Fairbrother, Matthew Boyd, Yadong Lyu, Julien Avenet, Peter Illich, Michael Kempe, Brian P. Dougherty, Laura Bruckman, Xiaohong Gu
Photovoltaic backsheet degradation is commonly related to end-of-life failure of a module, and as such is an important factor in system reliability and longevity. Some module manufacturers have recently begun utilizing non-fluoropolymer-based backsheets in

Determination of the True Lateral Grain Size in Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Thin Films

October 4, 2017
Author(s)
Gordon A. MacDonald, Chelsea Heveran, Mengjin Yang, David Moore, Kai Zhu, Virginia L. Ferguson, Jason Killgore, Frank W. DelRio
In this letter, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) thin films were examined via piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and nanoindentation (NI) to determine if long range atomic order existed across the full width of the apparent grains. From the PFM, the

Toward 3D printed hydrogen storage materials made with ABS-MOF composites

September 26, 2017
Author(s)
Megan C. Kreider, Zeeshan Ahmed, Makfir Sefa, James A. Fedchak, Julia Scherschligt, Michael Bible, Nikolai Klimov, Bharath Natarajan, Hartings Mathew
The push to advance efficient, renewable, and clean energy sources has brought with it an effort to generate materials that are capable of storing hydrogen. Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) have been the focus of many such studies as they are

Local measurements of photocurrent and band gap in CdTe solar cells

September 25, 2017
Author(s)
Yohan Yoon, Jungseok Chae, Aaron M. Katzenmeyer, Heayoung Yoon, Joshua D. Schumacher, Sang M. An, Andrea Centrone, Nikolai B. Zhitenev
Polycrystalline thin film technology has shown great promise for low cost, high efficiency photovoltaics. To further increase the power efficiency, a firm understanding of microstructural properties of the devices is required. In this work, we investigate

Simple Transfer from Spin Coating to Blade Coating Through Processing Aggregated Solutions

September 22, 2017
Author(s)
Jeff L. Hernandez, Nabankur Deb, Rylan M. Wolfe, Chi K. Lo, Sebastian Engmann, Lee J. Richter, John R. Reynolds
To develop an understanding of the effect spin coating or blade coating have on the morphology of polymer:fullerene thin films for organic solar cells, we have investigated the morphology of poly[5-(2-hexyldecyl)-1,3-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-alt-5,5-

Neutronics and Safety Studies on a Research Reactor Concept for Advanced Neutron Sources

July 17, 2017
Author(s)
Zeyun NMN Wu, Robert E. Williams, J. Michael Rowe, Thomas Henderson Newton, Sean O'Kelly
This paper presents the neutronics and thermal-hydraulics safety analysis results for an LEU-fueled research reactor concept being designed and studied at NIST. The main goal of the research reactor is to provide advanced neutron sources for scientific

Frequency response of the external quantum efficiency in multijunction solar cells

June 29, 2017
Author(s)
Nicolas Marquez Peraca, D T. Bilir, Behrang Hamadani
The frequency dependence of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of high-quality multijunction solar cells was examined by the modulated photocurrent spectroscopy method via an optical setup comprised of a light-pipe-coupled compact LED array. The optical

Zn-Se-Cd-S interlayer formation at the CdS/Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin-film solar cell interface

June 14, 2017
Author(s)
Marcus Baer, Ingrid Repins, Lothar Weinhardt, Jan Alsmeier, Sujitra Pookpanratana, Monika Blum, Wanli Yang, Clemens Heske, Regan Wilks, Rommel Noufi
The chemical structure of the CdS/Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) interface was studied by a combination of different surface-sensitive and near-surface bulk-sensitive electron and x-ray spectroscopies. We find a CdS deposition-induced "redistribution" of elements in

Chamber for Mechanical Testing in H2 with Observation by Neutron Scattering

June 1, 2017
Author(s)
Matthew J. Connolly, Peter E. Bradley, Andrew J. Slifka, Elizabeth S. Drexler
A gas-pressure chamber has been designed, constructed, and tested at a moderate pressure (3.4 MPa, 500 psi) and has the capability of mechanical loading of steel specimens for neutron scattering measurements. The chamber will allow a variety of in situ

Morphological characterization of fullerene and fullerene-free organic photovoltaics by combined real and reciprocal space techniques

May 26, 2017
Author(s)
Donglin Zhao, Qinghe Wu, Luping Yu, Harald Ade, Dean DeLongchamp, Lee J. Richter, Subhrangsu Mukherjee, Andrew Herzing
Morphology can play a critical role in determining function in organic photovoltaic (OPV) systems. Recently molecular acceptors have showed promise to replace¬ fullerene derivatives as acceptor materials in bulk heterojunction solar cells and have achieved

Enzyme-Lignin Binding Variation in Commercial Cellulase Preparations Bind Differently to Dioxane Extracted Lignins

May 1, 2017
Author(s)
John M. Yarbrough, Ashutosh Mittal, Elisabeth Mansfield, Larry Taylor, Stephen R. Decker, Michael E. Himmel, Todd B. Vinzant
Commercial fungal cellulases used in biomass-to-biofuels processes can be grouped into three general classes: native, augmented, and engineered. Colorimetric assays for general glycosyl hydrolase activities showed distinct differences in enzyme binding to

CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites: Ferroelasticity revealed

April 14, 2017
Author(s)
Evgheni Strelcov, Qingfeng Dong, Tao Li, Jungseok Chae, Yuchuan Shao, Yehao Deng, Alexei Gruveman, Jinsong Huang, Andrea Centrone
Ferrolectricity has been proposed as a plausible meachanism to explain the high photovoltaic conversion efficiency in organic-inorganic perovskites; however, convincing experimental evidence in support to this hypothesis is still missing. Identifying and

Reduced Bimolecular Recombination in Blade-Coated, High-Efficiency, Small-Molecule Solar Cells

March 22, 2017
Author(s)
Sebastian Engmann, Hyun W. Ro, Andrew A. Herzing, Dean M. DeLongchamp, Chad R. Snyder, Lee J. Richter, Adam J. Barito, David J. Gundlach
The full benefit of emerging solution deposited photovoltaic devices requires development of processes compatible with high speed manufacturing. Extensive studies of the lab-to-fab challenge have been performed on polymer donor based organic photovoltaics
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