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Chemistry

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Displaying 626 - 650 of 1924

Standard Reactions for Comparative Rate Studies: Experiments on the Dehydrochlorination Reactions of 2 Chloropropane, Chlorocyclopentane and Chlorocyclohexane

November 23, 2011
Author(s)
Iftikhar A. Awan, Donald R. Burgess Jr., Wing Tsang, Jeffrey A. Manion
Single pulse shock tube studies of the thermal dehydrochlorination reactions (chlorocyclopentane → cyclopentene + HCl) and (chlorocyclohexane → cyclohexene + HCl) at temperatures of 843 to 1021 K and pressures of 1.4 to 2.4 bar have been carried out using

Findings and Recommendations from the Joint NIST AGA Workshop on Odor Masking

November 1, 2011
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Nancy Rawson, Ali Quaraishi
Since the days of the alchemist, the observation that some substances have a smell while other substances do not has been a source of fascination. The sense of smell, or olfaction, is our least understood sense, however it is important for many human

Determination of Moisture Content of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

October 17, 2011
Author(s)
Rolf L. Zeisler, Rabia Oflaz, Ralph E. Sturgeon, Rick L. Paul, Brian E. Lang, Jeffrey A. Fagan, Joseph W. Lam, Anthony Windust, P Grinberg, Benoit Simard, Christopher T. Kingston
Several techniques were evaluated for the establishment of reliable water/moisture content of single-wall carbon nanotubes. Karl Fischer titration (KF) provides for a direct measure of the water content and was used for benchmarking against results

Radiation-Induced Synthesis of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Nanogel

October 14, 2011
Author(s)
Jung-Chul An, Alia Weaver, Byungnam Kim, Aaron Barkatt, Dianne L. Poster, Wyatt N. Vreeland, Joseph Silverman, Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
Studies of the radiation-induced synthesis of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) nanogels, intended to provide a basis for obtaining intra-molecular cross-linked products, which are more useful in drug delivery, show that a sharp change in the controlling

Chromatographic Sample Collection from Two Phase (gas + liquid) Flows

October 12, 2011
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Bret Windom
A particularly challenging sample presentation in analytical chemistry is a flowing stream that consists of both a gas and liquid phase, in the situation in which an analysis is needed for both phases, separately. In these cases, the vapor and liquid must

Reversed-Flow Chromatographic Determination of Binary Diffusion Coefficients

September 19, 2011
Author(s)
William S. McGivern, Jeffrey A. Manion
A reversed-flow chromatographic apparatus for the measurement of binary diffusion coefficients is described. Hydrocarbons are detected using flame ionization detection, and inert species can be detected by thermal conductivity. We have measured the binary

Dietary Supplement Laboratory Quality Assurance Program: The First Five Exercises

August 17, 2011
Author(s)
Melissa M. Phillips, Catherine A. Rimmer, Laura J. Wood, Katrice A. Lippa, Katherine E. Sharpless, David L. Duewer, Lane C. Sander, J. M. Betz
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has established a Dietary Supplement Quality Assurance Program (DSQAP) in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). Program participants measure

STR Sequence Analysis for Characterizing Normal, Variant, and Null Alleles

August 1, 2011
Author(s)
Margaret C. Kline, Carolyn R. Steffen, John M. Butler, Amy Decker
DNA sequence variation is known to exist in and around the repeat region of short tandem repeat (STR) loci used in human identity testing. While the vast majority of STR alleles measured in forensic DNA laboratories worldwide type as "normal" alleles

In Situ Gas Phase Measurements During Metal Alkylamide Atomic Layer Deposition

July 12, 2011
Author(s)
James E. Maslar, William A. Kimes, Brent A. Sperling
Metal alkylamide compounds, such as tetrakis(ethylmethylamido) hafnium (TEMAH), represent a technologically important class of metalorganic precursors for the deposition of metal oxides and metal nitrides via atomic layer deposition (ALD) or chemical vapor

Rapid-Heating of Ionic Energetic Materials using a Micro-Differential Scanning Device

July 10, 2011
Author(s)
Nicholas W. Piekiel, Richard E. Cavicchi, Michael R. Zachariah
We employ a microcalorimeter device to study the thermal decomposition of organic energetic materials at very high heating rates. The compact size of this device enables rapid heating rates and sensitive detection of thermal loads from very small samples

Chapter 21 Calibration of Aerosol Instruments

July 5, 2011
Author(s)
Bean T. Chen, Robert A. Fletcher, Yung-Sung Cheng
This chapter reviews calibration techniques relevant to aerosol measurement devices, such as sizing instruments, condensation nuclei counters, and mass monitors. The generation methods for test aerosols and important parameters in instrument calibration

Characterization of Three Berry Standard Reference Materials for Nutrients

June 30, 2011
Author(s)
Laura J. Wood, Katherine E. Sharpless, Monique Pichon, Barbara J. Porter, James H. Yen
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been working with the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements to produce Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) of interest to analysts of dietary supplements. Some of these
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