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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 126 - 150 of 3873

Single-Zone Simulations Using FaTIMA for Reducing Aerosol Exposure in Educational Spaces

September 2, 2021
Author(s)
Lisa Ng, Dustin Poppendieck, Brian Polidoro, William Stuart Dols, Steven Emmerich, Andrew K. Persily
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. Following this announcement, school closures around the United States began, and starting in June 2020, many schools decided to reopen

Single-Zone Simulations Using FaTIMA for Reducing Aerosol Exposure in Educational Spaces

April 8, 2021
Author(s)
Lisa Ng, Dustin Poppendieck, Brian Polidoro, William Stuart Dols, Steven Emmerich, Andrew K. Persily
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. Following this announcement, school closures around the United States began, and starting in June 2020, many schools decided to reopen

Protecting Building Occupants from Smoke during Wildfire and Prescribed Burn Events

March 1, 2021
Author(s)
Tom Javins, Gail Robarge, Emily Snyder, Gregory Nilsson, Steven Emmerich
Guideline 44 is in development to provide building measures to minimize occupant health impacts during wildfire and prescribed burn smoke events. In 2020, over 58,000 wildfires occurred in the U.S. alone, burning more than 10 million acres (1). With the

National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan 2020

February 9, 2021
Author(s)
Heather Evans, Kristen K. Greene, William M. Healy, Elizabeth Hoffman, Kate Rimmer, Anna V. Sberegaeva, Neil M. Zimmerman
The 2020 National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan provides an analysis of key external factors that could impact NIST and the fulfillment of its mission in coming years. The analyses were conducted through four separate lenses

Reference materials for building product emission characterization

December 19, 2020
Author(s)
Dustin Poppendieck, Wenjuan Wei, Mengyan Gong
Building products contain chemical compounds, such as volatile organic compounds, which can be emitted into indoor air and result in human exposures in the indoor environment. The emission rate, commonly measured in environmental chambers, is a key

Assessing Human Exposure to Chemicals in Materials, Products and Articles: A Modular Mechanistic Framework

December 15, 2020
Author(s)
Clara M. Eichler, Ying Xu, Jianping Cao, Charles J. Weschler, Tunga Salthammer, Glenn C. Morrison, Yinping Zhang, Corinne Mandin, Wenjuan Wei, Patrice Blondeau, Dustin Poppendieck, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal, Xiaoyu Liu, Christiaan Delmaar, Antti J. Koivisto, Oliver Jolliet, Hyeong-Moo Shin, Miriam L. Diamond, Chenyang Bi, John C. Little
This paper describes a modular mechanistic framework for predicting chemical emission from indoor sources, partitioning among indoor compartments and exposure to humans present in the indoor environment focusing on semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs)

Charpy Instrumented Test Suite and User's Manual

July 9, 2020
Author(s)
Damian Lauria, Enrico Lucon, Felipe Baldner
The NIST Instrumented Charpy Test Suite is a set of standalone programs intended to allow anyone with appropriate hardware to perform and analyze instrumented Charpy impact tests. The software is provided in both raw code and executable formats with an

Measurement Science Research Needs for Premise Plumbing Systems

May 11, 2020
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, David A. Yashar, Natascha S. Milesi-Ferretti, Tania Ullah, William M. Healy
Premise plumbing systems provide key building services and exist in the context of a range of performance goals related to building energy efficiency, water conservation, reduced environmental impacts, and occupant health and comfort. Pressures to improve

Certification of Standard Reference Material(R) 1450e Fibrous Glass Board

April 17, 2020
Author(s)
Robert R. Zarr, Nathanael A. Heckert
Thermal conductivity measurements at and near room temperature are presented as the basis for certified values of thermal conductivity for SRM 1450e, Fibrous Glass Board. The meas-urements have been conducted in accordance with a randomized full factorial

Hydrodynamic Factors Influencing Mineral Dissolution Rates

March 9, 2020
Author(s)
Nicos Martys, Jeffrey W. Bullard, Pan Feng, Shaoxiong Ye
Solution flow profiles near a mineral surface can have significant influences on the local thermodynamic driving force and, potentially, the rate-controlling kinetic mechanism of its dissolution or precipitation. These influences are investigated here both

Simulation of indoor and outdoor air quality and health impacts following installation of energy-efficient retrofits in a multifamily housing unit

March 2, 2020
Author(s)
Lindsay Underhill, Chad W. Milando, Jonathan I. Levy, William Stuart Dols, Sharon K. Lee, M. Patricia Fabian
Efforts to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the United States have led to widespread interest in energy-efficient retrofits in the residential sector. Weatherization retrofits, such as air sealing and insulation, lower residential

SUPPLEMENTARY COMPARISON CCT Supplementary comparison S2 on thermal conductivity measurements of insulating materials by guarded hot plate

January 1, 2020
Author(s)
Bruno Hay, Robert R. Zarr, Clark Stacey, Nikolay Sokolov, Leonel Lira Cortes, Ulf Hammerschmidt, Jintao Zhang, Jean Remy Filtz, Fleurence N.
Seven National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) from France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Mexico, China and Germany participated in an inter-laboratory comparison on thermal conductivity measurements by the Guarded Hot Plate method. This action was

Moisture Transfer in Commercial Buildings due to the Air Leakage: A New Feature in the Online Airtightness Savings Calculator

December 9, 2019
Author(s)
Som Shrestha, Andre Desjarlais, Laverne Dalgleish, Lisa Ng, Diana Hun, Steven Emmerich, Gina Accawi
Air leakage through the building envelope is responsible for a large amount of energy use. The US Department of Energy Windows and Building Envelope Research and Development Roadmap for Emerging Technologies states that in 2010 infiltration was responsible

NIST Air Leakage Calculation Tools for Commercial Buildings

December 9, 2019
Author(s)
Lisa C. Ng, Shrestha Som, William S. Dols, Steven J. Emmerich
The Department of Energy (DOE) estimates that air leakage (or “infiltration”) through building envelopes accounted for 6 % of the total energy consumed by commercial buildings in 2010 (DOE 2014). Air barrier requirements are now included in ASHRAE

Estimating Interzonal Leakage in a Net-Zero Energy House

November 11, 2019
Author(s)
Lisa C. Ng, Lindsey Kinser, Steven J. Emmerich, Andrew K. Persily
The Net Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) was constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to support the development and adoption of cost-effective net zero energy designs and technologies. The 250 m2 two-story

Estimating real-time infiltration for use in residential ventilation control

September 19, 2019
Author(s)
Lisa C. Ng, Stephen M. Zimmerman, Jeremy Good, Brian Toll, Steven J. Emmerich, Andrew K. Persily
Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates specified in standards such as ASHRAE Standard 62.2 are generally based on envelope airtightness, building floor area, geographical location, and number of occupants. ASHRAE Standard 62.2 allows for a constant

Blown away: Citicorp Center Tower repairs revisited

July 1, 2019
Author(s)
Dat Duthinh
Using Database-Assisted Design and the Tokyo Polytechnic University Aerodynamic Database, we show that face winds put more structural demand than corner winds do on the Citicorp Tower in Manhattan. This 59-story building, supported by four midside columns

Estimating real-time infiltration for use in residential ventilation control

June 18, 2019
Author(s)
Lisa Ng, Stephen M. Zimmerman, Jeremy Good, Brian Tool, Steven Emmerich, Andrew Persily
Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates specified in standards such as ASHRAE Standard 62.2 are generally based on envelope airtightness, building floor area, geographical location, and number of occupants. To meet ventilation requirements in practice
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