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Bioscience

Biomaterials

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Displaying 601 - 625 of 1730

Quantifying Residual Stress in Nanoscale Thin Polymer Films via Surface Wrinkling

March 19, 2009
Author(s)
Jun Y. Chung, Thomas Q. Chastek, Michael J. Fasolka, Hyun W. Ro, Christopher Stafford
Residual stress, a pervasive consequence of solid materials processing, is stress that remains in a material after external forces have been removed. In polymeric materials, residual stress results from processes, such as film formation, that force and

Pulse shaping for background free broadband CARS

March 16, 2009
Author(s)
Young Jong Lee, Marcus T. Cicerone
We demonstrate that pulse shaping of a probe pulse can suppress the nonresonant background (NRB) contribution and retrieve resonant Raman signal efficiently in broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectrum. A pulse shaper prepares a probe

The feeding biomechanics and dietary ecology of Australopithecus africanus

February 19, 2009
Author(s)
Brian R. Lawn, David Strait, Gerhard Weber, Simon Neubauer, Janine Chalk, Brian Richmond, Peter Lucas, Mark Spencer, Caitlin Schrein, Paul Dechow, Callum Ross, Ian Grosse, Barth Wright, Paul Constantino, Bernard Wood, Qian Wang, Dennis Slice, Craig Byron, Amanda Smith
The African Plio-Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths evolved a distinctive craniofacial morphology that traditionally has been interpreted as a dietary adaptation1 for feeding on small, hard objects2. This adaptive complex includes large postcanine

The molecular basis of mesophase ordering in a thiophene-based copolymer

February 18, 2009
Author(s)
Dean M. DeLongchamp, Regis J. Kline, Youngsuk Jung, Eric K. Lin, Daniel A. Fischer, David J. Gundlach, Andrew Moad, Lee J. Richter, Michael F. Toney, Martin Heeney, Iain McCulloch
The carrier mobility of poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl) thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) semiconductors can be substantially enhanced after heating through a thermotropic mesophase transition, which causes a significant improvement in thin film structural order

Adhesion at layer-by-layer surfaces in aqueous environments

February 15, 2009
Author(s)
Adam J. Nolte, Jun Y. Chung, Marlon L. Walker, Christopher M. Stafford
Adhesion between materials is often governed by the ambient environment, which can mediate or change the types of molecular interactions present at an interface. Biological interactions, for example, can be mediated by factors such as temperature, ionic

Subsurface Patterning and its Effect on Interfacial Adhesion

February 15, 2009
Author(s)
Edwin P. Chan, Christopher M. Stafford
Nature (e.g. geckos and insects) has illustrated that a patterned surface can effectively tailor the adhesion of an interface. Inspired by the amazing attachment and detachment ability of these animals, significant efforts have been put forth to understand

Process-Controlled Plasma-Sprayed Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Coatings: New Insights from

February 11, 2009
Author(s)
Y Li, W Chi, S Sampath, A N. Goland, H Herman, Andrew J. Allen, J Ilavsky
A multi-component microstructure model is applied in ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) studies of the processing microstructure property relationships for two groups of plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs)

Effects of filler type and content on mechanical properties of photopolymerizable composites determined using a two-dimensional gradient platform

February 5, 2009
Author(s)
Sheng Lin-Gibson, Li Piin Sung, Haiqing Hu, Aaron M. Forster, Nancy J. Lin
Photopolymerizable dental composites have complex processing conditions and multi-component formulations that affect the final properties. Combinatorial screening is a useful approach for evaluating multiple properties of the composites. A single test

Synthesis and Transport Properties of Framework-Substituted Cs 8 Na 16 Cu 5 Ge 131

January 13, 2009
Author(s)
Matthew Beekman, James A. Kaduk, J Gryko, Winnie Wong-Ng, Alexander J. Shapiro, George S. Nolas
We report the synthesis and temperature dependent transport properties of a new type II germanium clathrate, Cs8Na16Cu5Ge131 (space group Fd3m; a = 15.42000(9) ) . In comparison to the parent compound Cs8Na16Ge136, Cu substitution for Ge on the clathrate

Measurement of Axisymmetric Crystallographic Texture

January 1, 2009
Author(s)
Mark D. Vaudin
Crystallographic texture has for many years been the fiefdom of metallurgists and geologists, who have developed elegant methodologies for the analysis of highly complex textures and texture evolutions. Over the past two decades, the importance and

MATRIX RELAXATION AFTER FRACTURE IN A TOUGHENED EPOXY

December 10, 2008
Author(s)
Aaron M. Forster, Cyril Clerici, Donald L. Hunston
An efficient method to increase the Mode I fracture energy of a polymer adhesive is to incorporate a rubbery phase within the glassy matrix. In general, the failure surface of a toughened polymer is characterized by cavitated rubber particles and plastic

Designing artificial cells to harness the biological ion gradient

November 23, 2008
Author(s)
Jian Xu, David A. LaVan
Cell membranes contain numerous natural nanoscale conductors, i.e. ion channels and ion pumps1-4, that work in concert to form transmembrane or transcellular ion gradients that can be triggered to release an action potential (AP)1, 5. Can artificial cells

Beta-Sheet Formation and RGD-Presentation Effects on Osteoblast Differentiation

November 15, 2008
Author(s)
Carl G. Simon Jr., Matthew Becker, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Kristen E. Roskov, David L. Kaplan, Abby W. Morgan
This report highlights our recent investigation into -sheet formation and RGD epitope presentation on the surface of blended silk films.1 Surface characterization of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications is of great importance to understand how

Electronic Structure and Chemistry of Iron-Based Metal Oxide Nanostructured Materials: A NEXAFS Investigation of BiFeO3, Bi2Fe4O9, a-Fe2O3, g-Fe2O3, and Fe/Fe3O4

November 6, 2008
Author(s)
Tae-Jin Park, S Sambasivan, Daniel A. Fischer, R Ramesh, J A. Misewich, S S. Wong
We present a systematic and detailed Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) experimental investigation of the electronic structure and chemistry of iron-based metal oxide nanostructured (FeMONS) materials including BiFeO3, Bi2Fe4O9, a-Fe2O3, ?-

Gradient Nanofiber Scaffold Libraries for Tissue Regeneration by Electrospinning

October 15, 2008
Author(s)
Carl G. Simon Jr., Murugan Ramalingam, Marian F. Young, Vinoy Thomas
Functional tissue engineering is a rapidly emerging biomedical field that holds great potential for healthcare in addressing the gap between need and availability of donor tissues and organs. The dogma in the field of tissue engineering is to harvest a
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