Body armor testing frequently requires the use of a ballistic witness material (BWM), such as clay, to support the armor while it is being tested. The BWM is a critical component of the testing since the depth of the backface signature (BFS) generated from the ballistic impact is often used as an armor performance metric. To improve repeatability and reproducibility in testing, a particular brand and hardness of clay is typically specified. As a commercial product generally intended for use by artists, there are no specifications that precisely describe clay characteristics that are relevant for ballistic applications. To address this need, various methods are used to characterize the current clay and potential replacement BWMs.