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Search Publications by: Richard Candell (Fed)

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Displaying 51 - 75 of 77

Fading due to static and dynamic features in a factory environment on wireless channels

April 20, 2018
Author(s)
Alexandra Curtin, David R. Novotny, Richard Candell, Galen H. Koepke, Peter B. Papazian, Jeanne T. Quimby, Catherine A. Remley
Channel sounding of dense or complex environments such as industrial or factory spaces is an important piece to the puzzle of increasing the deployment of current and next-generation wireless technologies. The deployment of machine--to-machine or vehicle

A Survey of Physics-Based Attack Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems

March 30, 2018
Author(s)
Jairo Giraldo, David Urbina, Alvaro Cardenas, Junia Valente, Mustafa Faisal, Justin Ruths, Niles O. Tippenhauer, Heinrik Sandberg, Rick Candell
Monitoring the "physics" of cyber-physical systems to detect attacks is a growing area of research. In its basic form a security monitor creates time-series models of sensor readings for an industrial control system and identifies anomalies in these

Requirements for Spectrum Monitoring in Industrial Environments

November 16, 2017
Author(s)
Murat Aksu, Richard Candell
Spectrum monitoring serves as the eyes and ears of the spectrum management process and helps spectrum managers to plan and use frequencies, avoid incompatible usage, and identify sources of harmful interference. The key objective for this research at NIST

Characterization for an Industrial Wireless Network in a Gas Sensing Scenario

November 8, 2017
Author(s)
Mohamed Hany, Rick Candell
Employing wireless communications in gas sensing and air quality monitoring is extremely essential in many industrial scenarios where wired networks cannot perform the task safely and effectively. In industrial environments, deploying wireless gas sensing

NIST Channel Sounder Overview and Channel Measurements in Manufacturing Facilities

November 8, 2017
Author(s)
Jeanne T. Quimby, Richard Candell, Catherine A. Remley, David R. Novotny, Joseph Diener, Peter B. Papazian, Alexandra Curtin, Galen H. Koepke
Manufacturers are increasingly choosing wireless platforms to replace wired ones due to their ease of installation, upgrade, and reconfigurability. Reliable and secure real-time performance of wireless platforms is technically challenging because wireless

Applying Measurement Science to Evaluate Ground, Aerial, and Aquatic Robots

October 12, 2017
Author(s)
Adam S. Jacoff, Rick Candell, Anthony Downs, Hui-Min Huang, Kenneth Kimble, Kamel Saidi, Ann Virts
This paper reports on three measurement science field exercises for evaluating ground, aerial, and aquatic robots. These events, conducted from February to June 2017, were conducted in close co-ordination with the responder community, standards

Channel Modeling and Performance of Zigbee Radios in an Industrial Environment

May 31, 2017
Author(s)
Mehrdad Damsaz, Derek Guo, Jeff Peil, Wayne Stark, Nader Moayeri, Rick Candell
In this paper we describe measurements of wireless propagation characteristics to develop path loss models in industrial environments. The models for path loss we develop are two-slope models in which the path loss is a piecewise linear relation with the

Industrial Wireless Systems Workshop Proceedings

May 11, 2017
Author(s)
Richard Candell
Background: Wireless technology has great appeals to many manufacturers, in this case industrial automation systems, which include process control, discrete manufacturing, safety systems, and building automation. Applying wireless sensing and control

Effects of Wireless Packet Loss in Industrial Process Control Systems

February 9, 2017
Author(s)
Yongkang Liu, Rick Candell, Nader Moayeri
Timely and reliable sensing and actuation control are essential in networked control. This depends on not only the precision/quality of the sensors and actuators used but also on how well the communications links between the field instruments and the

Industrial Wireless Systems: Radio Propagation Measurements

January 30, 2017
Author(s)
Richard Candell, Catherine A. Remley, Jeanne T. Quimby, David R. Novotny, Alexandra Curtin, Peter B. Papazian, Galen H. Koepke, Joseph Diener, Mohamed T. Hany
Radio frequency (RF) propagation measurements were conducted at three facilities representing a cross-section of different classes of industrial environments. Selected sites included a multi-acre transmission assembly factory typical of the automotive

Survey and New Directions for Physics-Based Attack Detection in Control Systems

November 21, 2016
Author(s)
David Urbina, Jairo Giraldo, Alvaro Cardenas, Junia Valente, Mustafa Faisal, Niles O. Tippenhauer, Justin Ruths, Rick Candell, Heinrik Sandberg
Monitoring the "physics" of control systems to detect attacks is a growing area of research. In its basic form a security monitor creates time-series models of sensor readings for an industrial control system and identifies anomalies in these measurements

A Tetherless, Absolute-Time Channel Sounder, Processing, and Results for a Complex Environment

November 4, 2016
Author(s)
David R. Novotny, Alexandra E. Curtin, Catherine A. Remley, Peter B. Papazian, Jeanne T. Quimby, Richard Candell
we present a channel sounder that can operate without a tether and still maintain an absolute time reference between the source and receiver. Based on a sliding correlator, with synchronized rubidium clocks to generate phase references for the up- and down

Limiting The Impact of Stealthy Attacks on Industrial Control Systems

October 28, 2016
Author(s)
David Urbina, Alvaro Cardenas, Niles O. Tippenhauer, Junia Valente, Mustafa Faisal, Justin Ruths, Rick Candell, Heinrik Sandberg
While attacks on information systems have for most practical purposes binary outcomes information was manipulated/eavesdropped, or not), attacks manipulating the sensor or control signals of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) can be tuned by the attacker to

Variability of Sounder Measurements in Manufacturing Facilities

June 27, 2016
Author(s)
Jeanne Quimby, Alexandra Curtin, David R. Novotny, Chih-Ming Wang, Rick Candell
Uncertainties in the linear regression fit of Path Loss are derived from variability in position. These uncertainties are used to determine the required positional accuracy for channel sounder measurements.

A Simulation Framework for Industrial Wireless Networks and Process Control Systems

May 6, 2016
Author(s)
Yongkang Liu, Richard Candell, Nader Moayeri, Kang B. Lee
Factory and process automation systems are increasingly employing information and communications technologies to facilitate data sharing and analysis in integrated control operations. Wireless connections provide flexible access to a variety of field

Towards a Systematic Threat Modeling Approach for Cyber-physical Systems

December 15, 2015
Author(s)
Goncalo Martins, Sajal Bhatia, Xenofon Koutsoukos, Keith A. Stouffer, CheeYee Tang, Rick Candell
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are systems with seamless integration of physical, computational and networking components. These systems can potentially have an impact on the physical components, hence it is critical to safeguard them against a wide range of

An Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Performance Testbed

December 10, 2015
Author(s)
Richard Candell, Timothy A. Zimmerman, Keith A. Stouffer
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a cybersecurity performance testbed for industrial control systems. The goal of the testbed is to measure the performance of industrial control systems (ICS) when instrumented with

Effects of Wireless Packet Loss in Industrial Process Control Systems

November 12, 2015
Author(s)
Yongkang Liu, Rick Candell, Nader Moayeri
Timely and reliable sensing and actuation control are essential in networked control. This depends on not only the precision/quality of the sensors and actuators used but also on how well the communications links between the field instruments and the

Software-defined Radio Based Measurement Platform for Wireless Networks

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
I-Chun Chao, Kang B. Lee, Rick Candell, Frederick M. Proctor, Chien-Chung Shen
There has been a dramatic push to adopting wireless networking technologies and protocols (such as 802.11, ZigBee, WirelessHART, Bluetooth, ISA100.11a, etc.) into time-critical networks. End-to-end latency is critical to many distributed applications and