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Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 176 - 200 of 73697

Impact of Ni-like metastable states and hyperfine quenching on charge state distribution in an EBIT

June 30, 2025
Author(s)
Chowdhury Abrar Faiyaz, Endre Takacs, Timothy Burke, FNU Dipti, Galen O'Neil, Adam Hosier, Hunter Staiger, Joseph Tan, Yuri Ralchenko
We show the effects of ladder ionization and hyperfine quenching on charge state distributions and spectral features of ions in electron beam ion trap (EBIT) devices. Ladder ionization with intermediate excitation of metastable states proceeds at lower

Characterization of the trimethyl silyl derivatives of 6-Amino-3-methyl-1,4-diphenyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile and its analogs by electron ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

June 27, 2025
Author(s)
Quan-Long Pu, Yufang Zheng, Edward P. Erisman
Pyranopyrazoles have broad applications as pharmaceutical ingredients and biodegradable agrochemicals. The most extensively investigated are the pyrano[2,3 c]pyrazoles, with new synthetic products continually emerging. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Guidelines for API Protection for Cloud-Native Systems

June 27, 2025
Author(s)
Ramaswamy Chandramouli, Zack Butcher
Modern enterprise IT systems rely on a family of application programming interfaces (APIs) for integration to support organizational business processes. Hence, a secure deployment of APIs is critical for overall enterprise security. This, in turn, requires

A Comparison of Bulk with Micro-Volume Elemental Values for NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612

June 26, 2025
Author(s)
Nicholas Sharp, Maria Isabel Vega Martinez, Ruthmara Corzo, Blaza Toman, Rick Paul, Jamie Weaver
NIST SRM 610 and 612 (Trace Elements in Glass) are routinely used for microanalytical measurements but were designed to be bulk-scale reference materials. This study investigates an approach to quantify the differences between values for elements obtained

Advanced Characterization of the Cure Kinetics of a Liquid Encapsulant

June 26, 2025
Author(s)
Anthony Kotula, Ran Tao, Jianwei Tu, Young Lee, Gale Holmes
Liquid encapsulants are versatile packaging materials that provide electrical insulation and mechanical protection for microelectronic devices. As more advanced encapsulants are formulated to address modern packaging needs, advanced characterization

Advanced Metrology Suite for Linking Residual Stress to Fundamental Properties of Thermoset Packaging Materials

June 26, 2025
Author(s)
Polette Centellas, Stian Romberg, Ran Tao, Alexander Landauer, Karl Schoch, Huong Giang Nguyen, Gale Holmes, Gery Stafford, Christopher Soles
Residual stresses inevitably develop in thermosetting materials used for semiconductor packaging during the curing process and in service. Understanding the development of these deleterious stresses is necessary for improving predictive models and

Digital-Twin-Assisted Clustering of Radio-Frequency Multipath Components

June 26, 2025
Author(s)
Anuraag Bodi, Jihoon Bang, Neeraj Varshney, Samuel Berweger, Chiehping Lai, Jelena Senic, Jack Chuang, Camillo Gentile
Clustering radio-frequency (RF) multipath components (MPCs) fosters compact channel models by capturing the geometry of the scattering environment, yet "blind" methods based solely on RF data struggle to associate MPCs with individual scatterers. We

Size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle static light scattering

June 26, 2025
Author(s)
Andre Striegel, Amandaa Brewer, Claudia Zielke
Size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle static light scattering (SEC/MALS) is a combined separation and detection technique that is principally used for determining the molar mass of natural and synthetic macromolecules and colloidal

The trace of heat: on the predictive power of modeling transient diffusion

June 26, 2025
Author(s)
Vijaya Holla, Timothy Redford, Philipp Kopp, Stefan Kollmannsberger
The paper at hand evaluates the validity of the transient heat equation with phase change and temperature-dependent coefficients as a model to predict the evolution of melt pools for rapid turnaround scan strategies in a laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB)

2024 NIST GenAI (Pilot Study): Text-to-Text Evaluation Overview and Results

June 25, 2025
Author(s)
Hariharan Iyer, Seungmin Seo, Lukas Diduch, Kay Peterson, George Awad, Yooyoung Lee
The 2024 NIST Generative AI (GenAI) Pilot Study focuses on evaluating text-to-text (T2T) generation and discrimination tasks to assess the capabilities and limitations of generative AI models and AI detectors. The study aims to measure the effectiveness of

Dynamical structure factor from weak measurements

June 25, 2025
Author(s)
Emine Altuntas, Rosaria Gabriella Lena, Stuart Flannigan, Ian Spielman, Andrew Daley
Much of our knowledge of quantum systems is encapsulated in the expectation value of Hermitian operators, experimentally obtained by averaging projective measurements. However, dynamical properties are often described by products of operators evaluated at

Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models Using Diversion Decoding

June 24, 2025
Author(s)
Basel Abdeen, S M Tahmid Siddiqui, Meah Tahmeed Ahmed, Anoop Singhal, Latifur Khan, Punya Modi, Ehab Al-Shaer
Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful tool for retrieving knowledge through seamless, human-like interactions. Despite their advanced text generation capabilities, LLMs exhibit hallucination tendencies, where they generate factually

Proteomics approaches to ecoimmunology: new insights into wildlife immunity and disease

June 24, 2025
Author(s)
Amanda Vicente-Santos1, Natalia Herrera, Gabor Czirjak, Benjamin Neely, Daniel Becker
Understanding wildlife immune responses is crucial for assessing disease risks, environmental stress effects, and conservation challenges. Traditional ecoimmunology approaches rely on targeted assays, which, while informative, often provide a fragmented

Blackbody radiation Zeeman shift in Rydberg atoms

June 23, 2025
Author(s)
Kyle Beloy, Benjamin Hunt, Roger Brown, Tobias Bothwell, Youssef Hassan, Jacob Siegel, Tanner Grogan, Andrew Ludlow
We consider the Zeeman shift in Rydberg atoms induced by room-temperature blackbody radiation (BBR). BBR shifts to the Rydberg levels are dominated by the familiar BBR Stark shift. However, the BBR Stark shift and the BBR Zeeman shift exhibit different

First direct search for light dark matter interactions in a transition-edge sensor

June 23, 2025
Author(s)
Christina Schwemmbauer, Adriana Lita, Yonit Hochberg, Axel Lindner, Friederike Januschek, Manuel Meyer, Benjamin Lehmann
We propose the use of transition-edge sensor (TES) single-photon detectors as a simultaneous target and sensor for direct dark matter searches, and report results from the first search of this kind. We perform a 489 h science run with a TES device

Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering on Bimodal Dynamics in Molecular Solutions of Cellulose

June 23, 2025
Author(s)
Tao Xiong, Madhu Sudan Tyagi, Wei Zhou, Hongyu Guo, Robert Briber, Howard Wang
Local dynamics in molecular solutions of cellulose have been studied using quasi-elastic neutron scattering on ternary mixtures of microcrystalline cellulose, ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate and co-solvent dimethylformamide. Two distinct

X-ray scintillating lanthanide-based coordination polymers

June 23, 2025
Author(s)
Elizabeth Decoteau, Claire Belatti, Huong Giang Nguyen, Luiz Jacobsohn, Robert Surbella, III, Christopher Cahill
Reported are the syntheses and characterization of 25 lanthanide-containing coordination polymers exhibiting four structure types: type I': [Ln(TFTP)1.5(bpy)] (Ln = La3+-Nd3+), type I: [Ln(TFTP)1.5(bpy)(H2O)] (Ln = Sm3+-Lu3+), type II': [Pr(TFTP)1.5(phen)]

Enabling data-driven design of block copolymer self-assembly

June 21, 2025
Author(s)
Chiara Magosso, Irdi Murataj, Michele Perego, Gabriele Seguini, Debra Audus, Gianluca Milano, Federico Ferrarese Lupi
Abstract Here we present a database composed of scanning electron microscope images of self-assembled block copolymers. The fabrication process parameters, structural properties and microscope information are all contained in the image metadata, making a

Analysis of Propagation of Regular, Extended, and Large BGP Communities

June 20, 2025
Author(s)
Lilia Hannachi, Kotikalapudi Sriram, Douglas Montgomery
This study focuses on the analysis of propagation of Regular, Extended, and Large Communities in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Once added, these communities are often intended to be transitive by default, meaning that they should be propagated from

Experimental Evaluation of AI-Driven Protein Design Risks Using Safe Biological Proxies

June 20, 2025
Author(s)
Svetlana Ikonomova, Bruce Wittmann, Fernanda Piorino Macruz de Oliveira, David Ross, Samuel Schaffter, Olga Vasilyeva, Elizabeth Strychalski, Eric Horvitz, James Diggans, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Geoffrey Taghon
Advances in machine learning are providing new abilities for engineering biology, promising leaps forward with beneficial applications. At the same time, these advances raise concerns about biosecurity. Recently, Wittmann et al. described an in silico
Displaying 176 - 200 of 73697
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