October 26, 2024
      
                  
        
  Author(s)
  Guodong  Shao,   Deogratias  Kibira,   Simon P.  Frechette
 
       
            
    
    
        Recently, digital twins are becoming more prevalent in a wide range of industries such as manufacturing, construction, smart city, healthcare, business for various purposes including observing, predicting, optimizing, and controlling. However, because