U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 28501 - 28525 of 73830

Time domain measurement of phase noise in a spin torque oscillator

May 13, 2009
Author(s)
Mark W. Keller, Anthony B. Kos, Thomas J. Silva, William H. Rippard, Matthew R. Pufall
We measure phase noise from the zero crossings of the voltage vs. time waveform of a spin torque nanocontact oscillating in a vortex mode. The power spectrum of the phase noise varies with Fourier frequency f as 1/f 2, consistent with frequency

Detection of circular polarization in light scattered from photosynthetic microbes

May 12, 2009
Author(s)
William Sparks, James H. Hough, Thomas Germer, Feng Chen, Shiladitya DasSarma, Priya DasSarma, Frank Robb, Nadine Manset, Ludmilla Kolokolova, Neill Reid, F. D. Macchetto, William Martin
The identification of a universal biosignature that could be sensed remotely is critical to the prospects for success in the search for life elsewhere in the universe. A candidate universal biosignature is homochirality, which is likely to be a generic

Grain boundaries exhibit the dynamics of glass-forming liquids

May 12, 2009
Author(s)
James A. Warren, Jack F. Douglas, Xuhang Tong, David J. Srolovitz
Polycrystalline materials are composites of crystalline particles or grains separated by thin amorphous grain boundaries (GBs). Although GBs have been exhaustively investigated at low temperatures, at which these regions are relatively ordered, much less

Linking Air and Vacuum Mass Measurement by Magnetic Levitation

May 12, 2009
Author(s)
Zeina J. Kubarych, Patrick J. Abbott, Edwin R. Williams, Ruimin Liu, Vincent J. Lee, Hung-Kung Liu
This paper describes a new approach to directly link air and vacuum mass measurements using magnetic levitation techniques. This procedure provides direct traceability to national standards, presently defined in air, without requiring the estimate of

Dipolar Chains formed by synthesized cobalt nanocubes

May 11, 2009
Author(s)
Guangjun Cheng, Robert D. Shull, Angela R. Hight Walker
Cobalt nanocubes with an average edge length of 50 nm and the epsilon crystalline structure were synthesized via thermo-decomposition in 1,2-dichlorobenzene at 120 oC in the presence of the surfactants. These nanocubes form dipolar chains upon drying in

EBSD Analysis of Narrow Damascene Copper Lines

May 11, 2009
Author(s)
Roy H. Geiss, David T. Read, Glenn Alers, Rebekah L. Graham
Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) has been used to examine grain size and crystallographic orientations of damascene Cu lines nominally 25 nm to 55 nm in width and 100 nm thick. These are the smallest

Generation of GKP states with optical states

May 11, 2009
Author(s)
Scott C. Glancy, Hilma M. Vasconcelos, Liliana Sanz
Classical information can be carried by either a discrete signal or by a continuous signal. Quantum information can also be carried by a discrete, finite-dimensional system, such as a two-level atom or an electron spin, or by continuous, infinite

Instrument Interface Standards for Interoperable Ocean Sensor Networks

May 11, 2009
Author(s)
Kang B. Lee, Yuyin Song, Thomas O'Reilly, K. Headley, D. Edgington, C. Rueda, J. Zedlitz , J. Del Rio, E. Delory, S. Fairgrieve, L. Bermudez
The utility and cost-effectiveness of large scale instrument networks are enhanced by instrument interoperability. Today s oceanographic instruments are characterized by very diverse non-standard software protocols and data formats. This diversity of

Measurement of Small Birefringence and Loss in a Nonlinear Single-mode Waveguide

May 11, 2009
Author(s)
Daniel Rogers, Charles W. Clark, Christopher Richardson, Julius Goldhar
We design and fabricate a birefringent semiconductor waveguide for application to nonlinear photonics, demonstrating that it is possible to engineer a small birefringence into such a device using multiple core layers. We also demonstrate a simple technique

PARAMETER VALIDATION USING CONSTRAINT OPTIMIZATION FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION

May 11, 2009
Author(s)
Guodong Shao, Charles R. McLean, Alexander Brodsky, Paul Ammann
Modeling and simulation (M&S) techniques are increasingly being used to solve problems and aid decision making in many different fields. Results of simulations are expected to provide reliable information for decision makers. But potential errors may be

The Origin of Critical Relative Humidity in Adhesion

May 11, 2009
Author(s)
Christopher C. White, Kar T. Tan, Bryan D. Vogt, Donald L. Hunston
Water is ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Unfortunately, adhesive bonding is susceptible to the environmental attack of water leading to significant depreciation in joint strength and subsequently to premature failures [1-6]. This susceptibility of bonding to

Super-hydrophobic and/or Super-hydrophilic Surfaces Made by Plasma Process

May 8, 2009
Author(s)
Lei Chen, Gerard Henein, James A. Liddle
In this paper, a simple, fast, all-plasma surface modification (APSM) process, which can form super-hydrophobic and/or super-hydrophilic surfaces is introduced. The APSM process includes plasma-induced surface nano-pattern formation, substrate etching and

Ultraviolet degradation study of photomultiplier tubes at SURF III

May 8, 2009
Author(s)
Ping-Shine Shaw, Lindsay Hum, Zhigang Li, Keith R. Lykke, Michael Bishop
Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are used in biological detection systems in order to detect the presence of biological warfare agents. To ensure proper operation of these biological detection systems, the performance of PMTs must be characterized in terms of

A High-throughput Screening System for Thermoelectric Material Exploration Based on Combinatorial Film Approach

May 7, 2009
Author(s)
Makoto Otani, Evan L. Thomas, Winnie Wong-Ng, Peter K. Schenck, Nathan Lowhorn, Martin L. Green, Hiroyuki Ohguchi
A high-throughput system that consists of a combinatorial tool (a sputtering deposition tool and a pulsed laser deposition tool) and two property screening devices, developed at NIST, was used for thermoelectric material exploration. The thermoelectric

PicoWatt Infrared Power Measurement using an Absolute Cryogenic Radiometer

May 7, 2009
Author(s)
Stephen Carr, Solomon I. Woods, Timothy M. Jung, Adriaan C. Carter, Raju V. Datla
We report on initial measurements of the low-temperature thermal properties of a device that is similar to the experimental apparatus used for absolute cryogenic radiometry (ACR) within the Low Background Infrared Radiometry (LBIR) facility at NIST. The

Sensor Alert Web Service for IEEE 1451-Based Sensor Networks

May 7, 2009
Author(s)
Kang B. Lee, Yuyin Song
This paper describes the Sensor Alert Web Service (SAWS) for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1451-based sensor networks developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The SAWS consists of the Sensor

Mobile Device Forensics - Tool Testing

May 6, 2009
Author(s)
Richard Ayers
The goal of the Computer Forensic Tool Testing (CFTT) project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is to establish a methodology for testing computer forensic software tools. The results provide information necessary for toolmakers

Report of Findings: Use of Language in Ballot Instructions

May 6, 2009
Author(s)
Janice G. Redish, Dana Chisnell, Ethan Newby, Sharon J. Laskowski, Svetlana Z. Lowry
In this study, we compared two ballots that differed only in wording and presentation of the language on the ballots. For Ballot A, we used conventional wording and presentation, taken from typical ballots. For Ballot B, we used plain language wording and

Testing and Analysis of Steel Beam-Column Assemblies under Column Removal Scenarios

May 6, 2009
Author(s)
Fahim Sadek, Joseph A. Main, Hai S. Lew, Stephen D. Robert, Vincent Chiarito
This paper presents an experimental and analytical assessment of the performance of steel beam-column assemblies with two types of moment-resisting connections under vertical displacement of a center column, simulating a column removal scenario. The

Weighted Means Statistics in Interlaboratory Studies

May 6, 2009
Author(s)
Andrew L. Rukhin
The usefulness of weighted means statistics as a consensus mean estimator in collaborative studies is discussed. A random effects model designed to combine information from several sourcesis employed to justify their appeal to metrologists. Some methods of
Displaying 28501 - 28525 of 73830
Was this page helpful?