U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 1726 - 1750 of 1947

Refrigeration Methods for Superconductors

December 1, 2002
Author(s)
Ray Radebaugh
This chapter reviews various methods commonly used for achieving the cryogenic temperatures required of superconducting materials. The problems associated with cryogenic refrigerators (cryocoolers), such as poor reliability, low efficiency, electromagnetic

Workshop on Fire Testing Measurement Needs: Proceedings

June 19, 2001
Author(s)
William L. Grosshandler
This report describes the proceedings of a workshop held on June 18 and 19, 2001, at NIST in Gaithersburg to identify where science and technology can better prepare fire testing laboratories and their customers to meet these challenges. Topics that were

History of the Symposium on Thermophysical Properties

June 1, 2001
Author(s)
William M. Haynes, Jan V. Sengers, R. T. Jacobsen, Daniel G. Friend
The Symposium on Thermophysical Properties represents a series of conferences that started in 1959 at Purdue University, which at the that time was the home of the Thermophysical Properties Research Center (TPRC), founded by Professor Yeram S. Touloukian

Grating Pitch Measurements With the Molecular Measuring Machine

November 1, 1999
Author(s)
John A. Kramar, Jay S. Jun, William B. Penzes, Fredric Scire, E C. Teague, John S. Villarrubia
At the National Institute of Standards and Technology, we are building a metrology instrument called the Molecular Measuring Machine (M^3) with the goal of performing nanometer- accuracy two-dimensional feature placement measurements over a 50 mm by 50 mm

Histopathological Reactions of Calcium Phosphate Cements in Periodontal Bone Defect

June 14, 1995
Author(s)
K Fujikawa, A Sugawara, S K. Kusama, S Murai, M Nishiyama, I Moro, Shozo Takagi, Laurence Chow
Previous studies have demonstrated that a calcium phosphate cement (CPC), consisting of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), and a new calcium phosphate cement (N-CPC), consisting of [alpha]-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and

Computer Model of the Smoldering Ignition of Furniture.

November 1, 1992
Author(s)
Henri E. Mitler, George Walton
This paper describes a user-friendly computer model, TMPSUB2. This model calculates the temperature field throughout a solid (but porous) substrate which can undergo exothermic pyrolysis, when it is exposed to an arbitrary (localized) heat flux which can

Robotics -- Past, Present, and Future

October 4, 1985
Author(s)
James S. Albus
Robotics is a system science that attempts to integrate artificial intelligence with feedback control of mechanical devices. It draws on work in pattern recognition, scene analysis, geometrical reasoning, world modeling, language and speech understanding

Continuous Monitoring of Particles in an Occupied Home for the Year 2000

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
L A. Wallace, Cynthia H. Reed
Continuous monitors were employed for one year in an occupied townhouse to measure ultrafine, fine and coarse particles, air change rates, wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity. A main objective was to document long-term variation in

Discovery of digital forensic dataset characteristics with CASE-Corpora

February 13, 2023
Author(s)
Alexander Nelson, Eoghan Casey
The digital forensics community has generated training and reference data over the course of decades. However, significant challenges persist today in the usage pipeline for that data, from research problem formulation, through discovery of applicable

Lucky Packets and Network Time Protocol (NTP)

January 26, 2026
Author(s)
Jace Smuszkiewicz, Terrence Jones, Andrew Novick, Demetrios Matsakin
For users of the network time protocol (NTP), a "lucky packet" is defined as one which is returned back to the client with very short roundtrip travel time over the internet. In NTP the error budget of the time offset measurement is dominated by the

Scattering Methods Applied to High Throughput Materials Science

February 1, 2004
Author(s)
A I. Norman, J Cabral, D L. Ho, Eric J. Amis, Alamgir Karim
Scattering methods have been employed to study the aqueous phase behavior of two low molecular weight diblock copolymers, EO(6)BO(11) and EO(18)BO(9), where EO denotes an ethyleneoxide unit and BO denotes a butyleneoxide unit. Depending on the lengths of

Solidification

May 15, 2026
Author(s)
Dilip Banerjee, William Boettinger
Solidification is a well-known subject. Some of the common examples of solidification are the casting of metals in industrial practice, the formation of ice, and the freezing of solder in electrical circuits. Manufacturing of almost every man-made

A Fully Registered In-Situ and Ex-Situ Dataset for Metal Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: Data Processing, Feature Extraction, Registration, and Uncertainties

May 8, 2025
Author(s)
Zhuo Yang, Yan Lu, Ho Yeung, Brandon Lane, Nicole Van Handel
This document details the data registration process for the previously published datasets from Additive Manufacturing Metrology Testbed (AMMT) parts, "Overhang Part X4," generated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The two datasets —one

Data Frequency Coverage Impact on AI Performance

April 15, 2025
Author(s)
Erin Lanus, Brian Lee, Jaganmohan Chandrasekaran, Laura Freeman, M S Raunak, Raghu Kacker, David Kuhn
Artificial Intelligence (AI) models use statistical learning over data to solve complex problems for which straightforward rules or algorithms may be difficult or impossible to design; however, a side effect is that models that are complex enough to

A method to calibrate angular positioning errors using a laser tracker and a plane mirror

March 20, 2025
Author(s)
Balasubramanian Muralikrishnan, Katharine Shilling, Vincent Lee, Olga Ridzel, Glenn Holland, John Villarrubia
We describe a method to calibrate angular positioning errors of a rotation stage using a laser tracker (LT), a plane mirror mounted on the stage, and stationary registration nests placed around the stage. Our technique involves determining the direction of

Laser cooling 88Sr to microkelvin temperature with an integrated-photonics system

April 19, 2024
Author(s)
Andrew Ferdinand, Zheng Luo, Sindhu Jammi, Zachary Newman, Grisha Spektor, Okan Koksal, Akash Rakholia, Daniel Sheredy, Parth Patel, Travis Briles, Wenqi Zhu, Martin Machai Boyd, Amit Agrawal, Scott Papp
We report on experiments generating a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of 88-strontium (88Sr) atoms at microkelvin temperature, using integrated-photonics devices. With metasurface optics integrated on a fused-silica substrate, we generate six-beam, circularly p

Soft Matter Roadmap

December 12, 2023
Author(s)
Jean-Louis Barrat, Emanuela Del Gado, Stefan Egelhaaf, Xiaoming Mao, Marjolein Dijkstra, David Pine, Sanat Kumar, Kyle Bishop, Oleg Gang, Allie Obermeyer, Christine Papadakis, Constantinos Tsitsilianis, Ivan Smalyukh, Aurelie Hourlier-Fargette, Sebastien Andrieux, Wiebke Drenckhan, Norman J. Wagner, Ryan Murphy, Eric Weeks, Yilong Han, Luca Cipelletti, Laurence Ramos, Wilson Poon, James Richards, Itai Cohen, Eric Furst, Alshakim Nelson, Stephen Craig, Rajesh Ganapathy, Ajay Sood, Francesco Sciortino, Muhittin Mungan, Srikanth Sastry, Colin Scheibner, Michel Fruchart, Vincenzo Vitelli, S. Ridout, M. Stern, I. Tah, G. Zhang, Andrea Liu, Chinedum Osuji, Yuan Xu, Heather Shewan, Jason Stokes, Matthias Merkel, Pierre Ronceray, Jean-Francois Rupprecht, Olga Matsarskaia, Frank Schreiber, Felix Rossen-Runge, Marie-Eve Aubin-Tam, G. Koenderink, Rosa Espinosa-Marzal, Joaquin Yus, Jiheon Kwon
Soft materials are usually defined as materials made of mesoscopic entities, often self-organised, sensitive to thermal fluctuations and to weak perturbations. Archetypal examples are colloids, polymers, amphiphiles, liquid crystals, foams. The importance

NIST efforts in extreme-ultraviolet metrology

November 21, 2023
Author(s)
Charles S. Tarrio, Steven Grantham, Rob Vest, Thomas A. Germer, Bryan Barnes, Stephanie Moffitt, Brian Simonds, Matthew Spidell
For several decades, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has actively supported metrology programs for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. We will describe our existing programs in optics lifetime, reflectometry, and radiometry

Use of non-targeted and suspect screening analysis to detect sources of human exposure to environmental contaminants

June 28, 2023
Author(s)
Katherine Manz, Anna Feerick, Joseph Braun, Yong-Lai Feng, Amber Hall, Jeremy Koelmel, Carlos A. Manzano, Seth Newton, Kurt Pennell, Benjamin Place, Krystal Godri Pollitt, Carsten Prasse, Joshua Young
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA) are powerful techniques that rely on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and computational tools to detect and identify unknown or suspected compounds in environmental media and human
Displaying 1726 - 1750 of 1947
Was this page helpful?