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Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 3826 - 3850 of 13217

Thin Filament Pyrometry Field Measurements in a Medium-Scale Pool Fire.

September 13, 2019
Author(s)
Zhigang Wang, Andy Tam, Jian Chen, Ki Y. Lee, Anthony Hamins
… method to characterize the time- varying temperature field in a medium-scale pool fire in a quiescent environment. A digital camera with optical … collected 30 Hz video of the planar filament array. In a separate experiment, a 50 µm diameter thermocouple was … Fire Technology …

Cognitive Biases Within Decision Making During Fire Evacuations

March 8, 2019
Author(s)
Michael Kinsey, Steve Gwynne, Erica D. Kuligowski, Max Kinateder
… involved. This decision-making process is bounded in terms of the information available, the time available, … along with how these align with general decision-making in the process. The purpose of the article is to promote consideration of cognitive biases in the modeling of evacuee behavior, as well as during the …

A Provisional Conceptual Model of Human Behavior in Response to Wildland-Urban Interface Fires

March 6, 2019
Author(s)
Lauren Folk, Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve Gwynne, John Gales
… With more frequent and destructive wildfires occurring in the growing wildland-urban interface (WUI), the ability to … warning and that evacuations often need to take place in a short period of time. The creation of credible and … potentially difficult to represent, a critical component in developing such models is the consideration of what people …

Imaging Through Fire Using Narrow-Spectrum Illumination

July 23, 2018
Author(s)
Christopher M. Smith, Matthew Hoehler
… that allows new opportunities to perform optical metrology in fire research. The method combines narrow-spectrum, blue … the required illumination to detect objects engulfed in flames with this method is reduced by a factor of 10^4. A … demonstrating the ability to take images of objects in natural gas fires up to 1000 kW using 200 W of …

Characteristics of Firebrands Collected from Actual Urban Fires

July 9, 2018
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
… of firebrands collected from a recent urban fire in Japan are described. Specifically, this fire broke out from a Chinese restaurant in Itoigawa-city, Niigata, Japan on December 22nd 2016. On the day of the fire, strong winds resulted in rapid fire spread. With the presence of an average wind …

Under-Reporting of Wildland Fires in NFIRS: California

September 8, 2017
Author(s)
David T. Butry, Douglas S. Thomas
… along with the possibility of inaccurate data entry in current datasets means that some proportion of wildfires … to the community. This paper examines wildfires reported in the NFIRS database and compares it to two other databases … understand the extent of underreporting of wildland fires in the NFIRS system. The paper then discusses a series of …

Intrinsic conductivity, particle shape, and the Coulter particle counting method

September 4, 2017
Author(s)
Edward J. Garboczi
… The Coulter particle counting method has been in use for more than five decades. It records a change in resistance when a particle flows from a large reservoir … of the peak is used as a measure of particle volume. In this paper the Coulter particle counting method is shown …

Neutronics and Safety Studies on a Research Reactor Concept for Advanced Neutron Sources

July 17, 2017
Author(s)
Zeyun NMN Wu, Robert E. Williams, J. Michael Rowe, Thomas Henderson Newton, Sean O'Kelly
… emphasis on high intensity cold neutron sources. A tank-in-pool type reactor with an innovative horizontally split compact core was developed in order to maximize the yield of the thermal flux trap in the reflector area. The reactor was designed with 20 MW …

Cigarette Fires Involving Upholstered Furniture in Residences: The Role that Smokers, Smoker Behavior, and Less-Fire Prone Cigarettes Play

May 1, 2017
Author(s)
David T. Butry, Douglas S. Thomas
… furniture and were a leading cause of fire deaths in residences. The NFPA estimates that 28 % of residential … and they account for 58 % of the residential fire deaths. In recent years, states have adopted less fire-prone … accounting for the under-reporting of fire incidents. In total, four models were estimated using fire department …

Human Response to Emergency Communication: Guidance on alerts and warning messages for emergencies in buildings

April 3, 2017
Author(s)
Hidemi Omori, Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve Gwynne, Kathryn Butler
… response to emergency communication. This guidance can, in turn, help engineers improve the design of emergency … the decision-making process that precedes human response in disaster events, also provides a framework for the … from this literature, and compile the key statements found in the guidance document. Guidance on alerts, visual/audible …

Estimating Data for the Incapacitation of Smoke-Sensitive People by Fire Smoke

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Richard Gann
… of smoke that would incapacitate smoke-sensitive people in 5 min: 6 g/m 3 for a well-ventilated fire and 3 g/m 3 for … These values are estimated with significant assumptions in their derivation, resulting in an estimated uncertainty of about a factor of two. …

Particle shape effects on particle size measurement for crushed waste glass

December 18, 2016
Author(s)
Kyle Riding, Mohammadreza Mirzohosseini, Edward Garboczi
… waste glass were used as a replacement for Portland cement in concrete. Their chemical reactivity was successfully … related for these crushed waste glass particles in the approximate size ranges considered. In contrast to previous speculation, the particle width W …

Operation Tomodachi -Fire Research Special Issue

July 1, 2016
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
… “Operation Tomodachi – Fire Research” on March 16-18, 2015 in Gaithersburg, MD USA. Tomodachi means friendship in Japanese. This workshop was organized by Dr. Samuel L. Manzello of EL-NIST in partnership with the Japan Association for Fire Science … Fire Technology …

Guidance for the Model User on Representing Human Behavior in Egress Models

May 24, 2016
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve Gwynne, Michael Kinsey, Lynn Hulse
… Structures are currently designed and constructed in accordance with prescriptive and performance-based (PBD) … appropriate and accurate representation of human behavior in fire within these approaches is limited, mainly due to the … presents the current overarching theory of human behavior in disasters, as well as a set of behavioral statements, or …

Ignition of Wood Fencing Assemblies Exposed to Continuous-Wind Driven Firebrand Showers

July 30, 2015
Author(s)
Sayaka Suzuki, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides, Samuel Manzello
… (aka the NIST full-scale Continuous Feed Dragon) installed in the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) at the Building Research Institute (BRI) in Japan. To simulate fine fuels that may be present near … the fencing assemblies. The fencing assemblies were varied in length and in orientation to the applied wind field to …

Simulation Methodology for Coupled Structural Fire Analysis

May 28, 2015
Author(s)
Chao Zhang, Julio C. Goncalves Da Silva, Craig G. Weinschenk, Daisuke Kamikawa, Yuji Hasemi
… code, developed by NIST for fire related simulations. In recent years,there has been an increase in use of FDS for performance-based analysis in the area of structural fire research. This paper discusses … Fire Technology …
Displaying 3826 - 3850 of 13217
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