U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 3726 - 3750 of 13217

Estimating Data for the Incapacitation of Smoke-Sensitive People by Fire Smoke

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Richard Gann
… of smoke that would incapacitate smoke-sensitive people in 5 min: 6 g/m 3 for a well-ventilated fire and 3 g/m 3 for … These values are estimated with significant assumptions in their derivation, resulting in an estimated uncertainty of about a factor of two. …

Particle shape effects on particle size measurement for crushed waste glass

December 18, 2016
Author(s)
Kyle Riding, Mohammadreza Mirzohosseini, Edward Garboczi
… waste glass were used as a replacement for Portland cement in concrete. Their chemical reactivity was successfully … related for these crushed waste glass particles in the approximate size ranges considered. In contrast to previous speculation, the particle width W …

Operation Tomodachi -Fire Research Special Issue

July 1, 2016
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
… “Operation Tomodachi – Fire Research” on March 16-18, 2015 in Gaithersburg, MD USA. Tomodachi means friendship in Japanese. This workshop was organized by Dr. Samuel L. Manzello of EL-NIST in partnership with the Japan Association for Fire Science … Fire Technology …

Guidance for the Model User on Representing Human Behavior in Egress Models

May 24, 2016
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve Gwynne, Michael Kinsey, Lynn Hulse
… Structures are currently designed and constructed in accordance with prescriptive and performance-based (PBD) … appropriate and accurate representation of human behavior in fire within these approaches is limited, mainly due to the … presents the current overarching theory of human behavior in disasters, as well as a set of behavioral statements, or …

Ignition of Wood Fencing Assemblies Exposed to Continuous-Wind Driven Firebrand Showers

July 30, 2015
Author(s)
Sayaka Suzuki, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides, Samuel Manzello
… (aka the NIST full-scale Continuous Feed Dragon) installed in the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) at the Building Research Institute (BRI) in Japan. To simulate fine fuels that may be present near … the fencing assemblies. The fencing assemblies were varied in length and in orientation to the applied wind field to …

Simulation Methodology for Coupled Structural Fire Analysis

May 28, 2015
Author(s)
Chao Zhang, Julio C. Goncalves Da Silva, Craig G. Weinschenk, Daisuke Kamikawa, Yuji Hasemi
… code, developed by NIST for fire related simulations. In recent years,there has been an increase in use of FDS for performance-based analysis in the area of structural fire research. This paper discusses … Fire Technology …

Ignition of Mulch Beds Exposed to Continuous-Wind Driven Firebrand Showers

August 3, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki, Koji Kagiya, Junichi Suzuki, Yoshihiko Hayashi
… firebrand showers. Shredded hardwood mulch, fitted in beds 1.2 m by 1.2 m with a thickness of 51 mm, was … (aka the NIST full-scale Continuous Feed Dragon) installed in the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) at the Building Research Institute (BRI) in Japan. The time to reach sustained flaming ignition (FI) …

Computational Modeling and Validation of Aerosol Deposition in Ventilation Ducts

June 20, 2014
Author(s)
Kristopher J. Overholt, Jason Floyd, Ofodike A. Ezekoye
… In fire models, the accurate prediction of aerosol/soot concentrations in the gas phase and aerosol/soot deposition thicknesses in the condensed phase is important for a wide range of … Fire Technology … Computational Modeling and Validation of Aerosol Deposition in Ventilation Ducts …

Experimental Study of Firebrand Transport

June 1, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Kuibin Zhou, Sayaka Suzuki
… from the combustion of these wood cubes were collected in an array of water filled pans that were arranged to … distance of the firebrands generated. The major change in these experiments from prior work was, for a given wind … size and mass was determined at each pan location. In the past, it was only possible to determine the number …

Quantitative Testing of Fire Scenario Hypotheses: A Bayesian Inference Approach

January 16, 2014
Author(s)
Kristopher J. Overholt, Ofodike A. Ezekoye
… of building design projects and are being used more often in fire and arson investigations as well as reconstructions … and arson investigators can utilize these fire signatures in the determination of cause and origin during fire … fire activity to better understand the underlying physics. In all of these applications, the heat release rate (HRR) and …

A method for the analysis of behavioural uncertainty in evacuation modelling

July 9, 2013
Author(s)
Enrico Ronchi, Paul A. Reneke, Richard D. Peacock
… 1) the analysis of the variability of model predictions in relation to the number of runs of the same evacuation … of the optimal number of runs of the same scenario in relation to pre-defined acceptance criteria. … Fire Technology … modelling, Behavioural uncertainty, Human Behaviour in Fire, Functional Analysis, Convergence Criteria …

Contact function, uniform-thickness shell volume, and convexity measure for 3D star-shaped random particles

March 15, 2013
Author(s)
Edward J. Garboczi, Jeffrey W. Bullard
… as readily as can a sphere, cube, or ellipsoid. In principle, any particle parameter, such as volume, surface … or integrated mean curvature, can be easily computed. In this paper, we extend this list by developing three … algorithm. The two-particle contact function may be used in random particle placement programs, so that random-shaped …

Overview of the Structural Design of World Trade Center 1, 2, and 7

September 1, 2012
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister, Fahim Sadek, John L. Gross, Jason D. Averill, Richard G. Gann
… 2, and World Trade Center 7. The buildings were destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This paper describes the four major structural subsystems in the towers: the exterior wall, the core, the floor system, … Fire Technology …

A Life-Cycle Cost Comparison of Exit Stairs and Occupant Evacuation Elevators in Tall Buildings

April 1, 2012
Author(s)
David T. Butry, Robert E. Chapman, Allison L. Huang, Douglas S. Thomas
… Recent changes in the International Building Code (IBC) require a third exit stair for buildings in excess of 420 ft (128 m) high. Additionally, the new code … third stair, provided the passenger elevator be protected in such a way to facilitate safe building evacuation. In this …

Predicting Human Behavior during Fires

October 4, 2011
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski
… the current state of evacuation modeling of human behavior in fires and identifying gaps in current behavioral techniques. The second part of the … model for occupant response to physical and social cues in a building fire event. … Fire Technology …

The 3-D Shape of Blasted and Crushed Rocks: From 20 ?m to 38 mm

August 3, 2011
Author(s)
Edward J. Garboczi, Michael Taylor, Xuefeng Liu
… Granodiorite material from a rock quarry in California was prepared by first quarrying large boulders, … size range covered was more than three orders of magnitude in size and more than ten orders of magnitude in volume. For this dataset, comprised of over 58,000 …
Displaying 3726 - 3750 of 13217
Was this page helpful?