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Resilience

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Displaying 126 - 150 of 158

Community Resilience of the Built Environment

April 22, 2015
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister
Buildings, facilities, and infrastructure systems play a key role in the life of a community by supporting housing, business, government, industry, and other vital services. The concept of disaster resilience addresses the way that communities prepare for

Hardening Structures to Resist Wildland-Urban (WUI) Fire Exposures

November 14, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello
Wildfires that spread into communities, referred to as Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires, have destroyed communities throughout the world. In the USA, over 46 million homes in 70,000 communities are at risk of WUI fires [1-2]. Historically, fire safety

Community Resilience: The Role of the Built Environment

June 27, 2014
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister
Buildings and infrastructure systems play a key role in communities by supporting social needs and institutions, including housing, business, government, industry, and other vital services. The concept of community resilience addresses the way that

Experimental Study of Firebrand Transport

June 1, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Kuibin Zhou, Sayaka Suzuki
The NIST Firebrand Generator (NIST Dragon) has been used to quantify the vulnerability of structures to ignition by firebrand attack. The Firebrand Generator is also as useful device to study firebrand transport, and has been used to validate firebrand

Exposing Decking Assemblies to Continuous Wind-Driven Firebrand Showers

June 1, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
A series of experiments were conducted to examine potential vulnerabilities of wood decks to continuous, wind-driven firebrand showers. Sections of wood decks (1.2 m by 1.2 m) were constructed and attached to a re-entrant corner assembly. The deck

The Performance of Essential Facilities in Superstorm Sandy

April 4, 2014
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister
Superstorm Sandy affected the functionality of a number of essential buildings and facilities in the flooded areas of New York and New Jersey. The flood elevations exceeded design-level floods in many locations, as defined by FIRM maps and codes and

A Simple Means for Reducing the Risk of Progressive Collapse

December 1, 2013
Author(s)
Yihai Bao, Hai S. Lew, Fahim H. Sadek, Joseph Main
A simple debonding technique is proposed to reduce or eliminate strain localization in reinforcing bars in the region of wide flexural cracks in RC beams, and as a result enhance the resistance of RC buildings to disproportionate collapse. In this study

Structural Design for Disaster Resilience

October 28, 2013
Author(s)
Fahim H. Sadek, Joseph Main, John L. Gross, Therese P. McAllister
This paper presents a brief overview of research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on disaster resilience of buildings, infrastructure, and communities, including component programs and projects. NIST's efforts aim at developing

Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Research Needs- Summary Report

May 14, 2013
Author(s)
Nelson P. Bryner, Erik L. Johnsson
In response to the increasing losses due to WUI fires and to ensure that measurement science keeps pace with needed improvements in materials, fire-resistant design, mitigation response, and building and fire codes, NIST sponsored the Workshop on Wildland

Development and Characterization of Continuous Feed Firebrand Generator

May 6, 2013
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
Evidence suggests that wind driven firebrand showers are a major cause of structural ignition in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires. While firebrands have been researched for over four decades, prior studies have focused mainly on how far firebrands fly

Structural design for fire conditions: reliability-based resistance criteria

May 4, 2013
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister, Bruce Ellingwood
The new paradigm of performance-based fire engineering (PBFE), with its systematic approach to identifying building performance objectives, quantitative structural analysis to verify that these objectives have been achieved, and management of uncertainties

Practical Considerations for Implementing Homeland Security Models & Simulations

December 1, 2012
Author(s)
Charles W. Hutchings, Sanjay Jain, Yung-Tsun Lee, Charles McLean
Modeling and simulation (M&S) capabilities support reasoning in many domains and can provide powerful tools for homeland security analytical needs. For example, these capabilities are particularly valuable in exploring systems which are inaccessible for

Cross-sectional stability of structural steel at elevated temperatures

April 19, 2012
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister, Mina S. Seif
There is a lack of understanding of how structural systems perform under realistic, uncontrolled fires. Current specifications for the design of steel structures in the US do not include fire effects as part of structural design. Instead, fire protection

Modeling and Simulation of Healthcare Systems for Homeland Security Applications

September 1, 2011
Author(s)
Charles R. McLean, Yung-Tsun Lee, Sanjay Jain, Charles W. Hutchings
The purpose of this document is to provide a foundation for establishing a modeling and simulation technical interest group whose focus is information exchange on healthcare issues. The document defines an initial set of user/customer needs and system

Disaster Resilience: A Guide to the Literature

October 13, 2010
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert
Although there is a great deal of high-quality information available on resilience-related topics hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, risk assessment, risk management, and loss estimation as well as disaster resilience itself, there is no central

The Need for Behavioral Theory in Evacuation Modeling

February 1, 2010
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve M. Gwynne
This paper posits the need for comprehensive theories about human behavior in fire evacuations. These would be of value in and of themselves to improve training, education, and future data collection efforts, but would also allow for a complete behavioral
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