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Nanotechnology

Nanometrology

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Displaying 1 - 25 of 855

Entropic modulation of divalent cation transport

September 22, 2025
Author(s)
Yechan Noh, Demian Riccardi, Alexander Smolyanitsky
Aqueous cations permeate subnanoscale pores by crossing free energy barriers dominated by competing enthalpic contributions from transiently decreased ion-solvent and increased ion-pore electrostatic interactions. This commonly accepted view is rooted in

Materials discovery in combinatorial and high-throughput synthesis and processing: A new Frontier for SPM

August 27, 2025
Author(s)
Boris Slautin, Yungtao Liu, Kamyar Barakati, Yu Liu, Reece Emery, Seungbum Hong, Astita Dubey, Vladimir Shvartsman, Doru Lupascu, Sheryl Sanchez, Mahshid Ahmadi, Yunseok Kim, Evgheni Strelcov, Keith Brown, Philip Rack, Sergei Kalinin
For over three decades, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been a key method for exploring material structures and functionalities at nanometer and often atomic scales in ambient, liquid, and vacuum environments. Historically, SPM applications have

Large Area Real-Space Crystallography and Thickness Determination of Mesoscopic Semiconductor Membranes Using Zone Axis Patterns, Cold Field-Emission SEM/STEM, and Analytical S/TEM

July 25, 2025
Author(s)
Vladimir Oleshko, Glenn Holland, Daron Westly, John Villarrubia
Structural and dimensional characterization of layered structures in semiconductors is increasingly important for microelectronics manufacturing because of the continuing downward scaling of devices. Manufacturers require high-precision non-destructive

Derivation of particle number concentration from the size distribution: theory and applications

May 16, 2025
Author(s)
Natalia Farkas, John A. Kramar, Antonio Montoro Bustos, George Caceres, Monique Johnson, Matthias Roesslein, Elijah Petersen
The particle number concentration (PNC) in a suspension is a key measurand in nanotechnology. A common approach for deriving PNC is to divide the total mass concentration by the per-particle mass, calculated as density times volume. The volume is most

Orthogonal Determination of Competing Surfactant Adsorption onto Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes During Aqueous Two-Polymer Phase Extraction via Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Analytical Ultracentrifugation

July 31, 2024
Author(s)
Christopher Sims, Jeffrey Fagan
A combination of analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and fluorescence spectroscopy are utilized to orthogonally probe compositions of adsorbed surfactant layers on the surface of (7,5) species single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) under conditions known

Measurement of 100 nm Monodisperse Particles by Four Accurate Methods: Uncertainty and Traceability

February 12, 2024
Author(s)
George Mulholland, Kaleb Duelge, Vincent A. Hackley, Natalia Farkas, John A. Kramar, Keiji Takahata, Michael Zachariah, Hiromu Sakurai, Kensei Ehara
Accurate measurements of particle diameter are necessary for quantitative characterization of key aerosol properties including the Cunningham slip correction, charging probability, the diffusion coefficient, the coagulation coefficient, and optical

Atom Probe Tomography Using an Extreme Ultraviolet Trigger Pulse

September 1, 2023
Author(s)
Benjamin Caplins, Ann Chiaramonti Debay, Jacob Garcia, Norman A. Sanford, Luis Miaja Avila
Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful materials characterization technique capable of measuring the isotopically resolved three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanoscale specimens with atomic resolution. Modern APT instrumentation most often uses an

Federal perspective on critical research issues in nanoEHS

August 31, 2023
Author(s)
Janet Carter, Sri Nadadur, Rhema Bjorkland, William Boyes, Chuck Geraci, Vincent A. Hackley, John Howard, Alan Kennedy, Igor Linkov, Joanna Matheson, Holly Mortensen, Custudio Muinga, Elijah Petersen, Nora Savage, Stacey Standridge, Trey Thomas, Benjamin Trump
This article discusses critical issues and opportunities going forward in nanotechnology environmental, health, and safety (nanoEHS) research from the perspective of Federal Government agency participants in the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI

Mid-Infrared, Near-Infrared, and Visible Nanospectroscopy of Hydrogen-Intercalated MoO3

August 21, 2023
Author(s)
Jeffrey Schwartz, Sergiy Krylyuk, Devon Jakob, Albert Davydov, Andrea Centrone
Control over the local chemical composition and spatial heterogeneities in nanomaterials provides a means to impart new functions and to tailor their properties in many applications. For two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials, intercalation is one

Direct Visualization of Chemically Resolved Multilayered Domains in Mixed-Linker Metal-Organic Frameworks

June 15, 2023
Author(s)
Andrea Centrone, Belen Lerma-Berlanga, Adam Biacchi, Carmen Fernandez Conde, Georges Pavlidis, Carlos Marti-Gastaldo
The modular synthesis approach for assembling inorganic nodes and organic multidentate linkers into reticular solids enables rational engineering in porous materials known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Incorporation of two or more linker types in MOF

Thermal environment impact on HfOx RRAM operation: A nanoscale thermometry and modeling study

May 8, 2023
Author(s)
Matthew West, Georges Pavlidis, Robert Montgomery, Fabia Farlin Athena, Muhammad Jamil, Andrea Centrone, Samuel Graham, Eric Vogel
As the demand for computing applications capable of processing large datasets increases, there is a growing need for new in-memory computing technologies that avoid the von Neumann bottleneck. Oxide-based resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices are a

A Tabletop X-Ray Tomography Instrument for Nanometer-Scale Imaging: Reconstructions

April 14, 2023
Author(s)
Zachary H. Levine, Bradley Alpert, Amber Dagel, Joseph Fowler, Edward Jiminez, Nathan J. Nakamura, Daniel Swetz, Paul Szypryt, Kyle Thompson, Joel Ullom
We show three-dimensional reconstructions of a region of an integrated circuit from a 130 nm copper process. The reconstructions employ x-ray computed tomography, measured with a new and innovative high-magnification x-ray microscope. The instrument uses a

Beating thermal noise in a dynamic signal measurement by a nanofabricated cavity-optomechanical sensor

March 15, 2023
Author(s)
Mingkang Wang, Diego Perez Morelo, Georg Ramer, Georges Pavlidis, Jeffrey Schwartz, Liya Yu, Robert Ilic, Andrea Centrone, Vladimir Aksyuk
Thermal fluctuations often impose both fundamental and practical measurement limits on high-performance sensors, motivating the development of techniques that bypass the limitations imposed by thermal noise outside cryogenic environments. Here, we

Orthogonal and complementary measurements of properties of drug products containing nanomaterials

January 6, 2023
Author(s)
Bryant C. Nelson, Elijah Petersen, Carl Simon Jr., Sven-Even Borgos, Luigi Calzolai, Jeremie Parot, Matthias Roesslein, Fanny Caputo, Xiaoming Xu
Quality control of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products, and verification of their safety and efficacy, depends on reliable measurements of critical quality attributes (CQAs). The task becomes particularly challenging for drug products and
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