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Metrology

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Displaying 601 - 625 of 2714

Thermographic Measurements of the Commercial Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process at NIST

December 5, 2016
Author(s)
Brandon M. Lane, Shawn P. Moylan, Eric P. Whitenton, Li Ma
Measurement of the high-temperature melt pool region in the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process is a primary focus of researchers to further understand the dynamic physics of the heating, melting, adhesion, and cooling which define this commercially

Architecture for Software-assisted Quantity Calculus

December 2, 2016
Author(s)
David W. Flater
A quantity value, such as 5 kg, consists of a number and a reference (often an International System of Units (SI)unit) that together express the magnitude of a quantity. Many software libraries, packages, and ontologies that implement "quantities and units

Membrane-Based Environmental Cells for SEM in Liquids

December 1, 2016
Author(s)
Andrei A. Kolmakov
Environmental electron microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in liquids are among the most active research areas in modern electron microscopy and spectroscopy. Research interest in these techniques is broad as they are enabling the nanoscale

New Methods for Series-Resistor Calibrations on Lossy Substrates up to 110 GHz

December 1, 2016
Author(s)
Liu Song, Nate Orloff, Song Liu, Charles A. Little, Xifeng Lu, James Booth, IIja Ocket, Arkadiusz Lewandowski, Dominique Schreurs, Bart Nauwelaers
We present two new methods to perform seriesresistor calibrations on lossy substrates. Lossless calibration substrates, which are required by the traditional calibration comparison technique, are not needed. The proposed methods rely on the multiline TRL

A Planar Hyperblack Absolute Radiometer

November 14, 2016
Author(s)
John H. Lehman, Michelle S. Stephens, Malcolm G. White, Andreas Steiger, Christian Monte, Joerg Hollandt, Ivan Ryger, Mathias Kehrt, Marla L. Dowell
The absolute responsivity of a planar radiometer fabricated from micromachined silicon and having carbon nanotubes as the absorber and thermistor was measured in the visible and far infrared (free-field terahertz) wavelength range by means of detector

Comparison of CBED and ABF Atomic Imaging for GaN Polarity Determination

November 8, 2016
Author(s)
Alexana Roshko, Matthew D. Brubaker, Paul T. Blanchard, Kristine A. Bertness, Todd E. Harvey, Igor Levin, R.H. Geiss
A comparison of two electron microscopy techniques used to determine the polarity of GaN nanowires is presented. The techniques are convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) in TEM mode and annular bright field (ABF) imaging in aberration corrected STEM

Calibration of Time-interleaved Errors in Real-time Digital Oscilloscopes

November 1, 2016
Author(s)
Jeffrey A. Jargon, Chihyun Cho, Joo-Gwang Lee, Paul D. Hale, Peter J. Jeavons, John B. Schlager, Andrew M. Dienstfrey
A novel method is proposed for the calibration of channel mismatch in a time-interleaved real- time digital oscilloscope (RTDO). A simple simultaneous equation is derived from the Fourier transform of the time-interleaved signals requiring only a transfer

An Overview of Atom-Based SI-Traceable Electric-Field Metrology

October 30, 2016
Author(s)
Joshua A. Gordon, Christopher L. Holloway, Matthew T. Simons
We present an overview of radio frequency (RF) electric-field measurements using Rydberg atoms. This technique exploits the rich resonance response of these atoms which can occur across a large frequency range from 1 GHz-500 GHz. This measurement utilizes

Gain Comparison of a 3D?Printed Horn and an Electroformed Horn

October 29, 2016
Author(s)
Michael H. Francis, David R. Novotny, Josh Gordon, Alexandra Curtin, Ronald C. Wittmann
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has used the three‐antenna extrapolation method to determine the on‐axis gain of several antennas in the WR8 frequency band. One antenna is an electroformed μ=±1 probe with gain of about 9 dB. The

Thermodynamic Properties at Saturation Derived from Experimental Two-Phase Isochoric Heat Capacity of 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide

October 27, 2016
Author(s)
Joe W. Magee, N. G. Polikhronidi, Rabiyat G. Batyrova, I M. Abdulagatov, J. Wu
New measurements are reported for the isochoric heat capacity of the ionic liquid substance 1- hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C6mim][NTf2]). These measurements extend the ranges of our earlier study [N.G. Polikhronidi et al

Transmission Electron Microscope Calibration Methods for Critical Dimension Standards

October 13, 2016
Author(s)
Ndubuisi G. Orji, Ronald G. Dixson, Domingo I. Garcia-Gutierrez, Bunday Benjamin, M R. Bishop, Michael W. Cresswell, Richard A. Allen, John Allgair
One of the key challenges in critical dimension (CD) metrology is finding suitable dimensional calibration standards. The transmission electron microscope (TEM), which produces lattice-resolved images having scale traceability to the SI (International

Cyber-physical Systems Engineering for Manufacturing

October 7, 2016
Author(s)
Allison Barnard Feeney, Simon P. Frechette, Vijay Srinivasan
There is a convergence of interests in cyber-physical systems, systems engineering, and manufacturing innovation in the United States. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has undertaken research programs in smart manufacturing

Inertial Measurement Unit for On-Machine Diagnostics of Machine Tool Linear Axes

October 7, 2016
Author(s)
Gregory W. Vogl, Alkan Donmez, Andreas Archenti, Brian A. Weiss
Machine tools degrade during operations, yet knowledge of degradation is elusive; accurately detecting degradation of machines' components such as linear axes is typically a manual and time-consuming process. Thus, manufacturers need automated, efficient

Measurement of powder bed density in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes

October 5, 2016
Author(s)
Gregor Jacob, M A. Donmez, Shawn P. Moylan, John A. Slotwinski
There are many factors influencing the additive manufacturing (AM) processes resulting in high degree of variation in process outcomes. Therefore, quantifying these factors and their correlations to the process outcomes are important challenges to overcome

The rheo-Raman microscope: Simultaneous chemical, conformational, mechanical, and microstructural measures of soft materials

October 4, 2016
Author(s)
Anthony P. Kotula, Matthew Meyer, Francesca De Vito, Jan Plog, Angela R. Hight Walker, Kalman D. Migler
We describe the design and demonstrate performance of an instrument capable of simultaneous Raman spectroscopy, rheology, and optical microscopy of materials. The instrument couples a Raman microscope with a rotational rheometer through an optically
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