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Materials

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Displaying 1126 - 1150 of 2363

Local structural distortions in strained BaSrTiO3 thin films

September 28, 2017
Author(s)
Joseph C. Woicik, Eric L. Shirley, Keith Gilmore, K E. Andersen, C S. Hellberg
The local atomic structures in Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films grown on MgO(001) substrates have been determined by density functional theory calculations and Ti K-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure measurements. Films with either c > a or c

In situ Angstrom-to-Micrometer Characterization of the Structural and Microstructural Changes in Kaolinite on Heating using Ultra-Small-Angle, Small-Angle, and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS/SAXS/WAXS)

September 26, 2017
Author(s)
Fan Zhang, Andrew J. Allen, Greeshma Gadikota
In this study, synchrotron-based in-operando multi-scale X-ray scattering analyses are used to connect the microstructural changes to the phase changes in kaolinite on heating from 30 °C to 1150 °C. Combined ultra-small-angle and small-angle X-ray

Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Chromium Nitride Thin Films Grown by RF Nitrogen Plasma Molecular Beam Epitaxy

September 26, 2017
Author(s)
Khan Alam, Steven M.T. Disseler, William D. Ratcliff, Julie Borchers, Rodrigo Ponce-Perez, Gregorio H. Cocoletzi, Noboru Takeuchi, Andrew Foley, Andrea Richard, David C. Ingram, Arthur R. Smith
A magneto-structural phase transition is investigated in single crystal CrN thin films grown by rf plasma molecular beam epitaxy on MgO(001) substrates. While still within the vacuum environment following MBE growth, in-situ variable low-temperature

Local measurements of photocurrent and band gap in CdTe solar cells

September 25, 2017
Author(s)
Yohan Yoon, Jungseok Chae, Aaron M. Katzenmeyer, Heayoung Yoon, Joshua D. Schumacher, Sang M. An, Andrea Centrone, Nikolai B. Zhitenev
Polycrystalline thin film technology has shown great promise for low cost, high efficiency photovoltaics. To further increase the power efficiency, a firm understanding of microstructural properties of the devices is required. In this work, we investigate

Efficient Separation of Ethylene from Acetylene/Ethylene Mixtures by a Flexible-Robust Metal-Organic Framework

September 24, 2017
Author(s)
Libo Li, Rui-Biao Lin, Rajamani Krishna, Xiaoqing Wang, Bin Li, Hui Wu, Jinping Li, Wei Zhou, Banglin Chen
During the production of polymer-grade ethylene, trace amounts of acetylene (about 1%) in the ethylene feed needs to be reduced to 40 parts per million (ppm). We herein report a metal-organic framework (MOF) of flexible-robust nature for efficient removal

Molecular Rigidity, Excess Entropy, and Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation in DNA Melting

September 24, 2017
Author(s)
Jack F. Douglas, Fernando Vargas-Lara, Francis W. Starr
Enthalpy-entropy compensation (EEC) is observed in diverse molecular binding processes of vital importance to living systems and manufacturing applications, but this widely occurring phenomenon is not well understood from a molecular physics standpoint. To

Simple Transfer from Spin Coating to Blade Coating Through Processing Aggregated Solutions

September 22, 2017
Author(s)
Jeff L. Hernandez, Nabankur Deb, Rylan M. Wolfe, Chi K. Lo, Sebastian Engmann, Lee J. Richter, John R. Reynolds
To develop an understanding of the effect spin coating or blade coating have on the morphology of polymer:fullerene thin films for organic solar cells, we have investigated the morphology of poly[5-(2-hexyldecyl)-1,3-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-alt-5,5-

Enhanced durability of CNT based hierarchical composites subjected to accelerated aging environments.

September 21, 2017
Author(s)
Ajay Krishnamurthy, Donald L. Hunston, Amanda L. Forster, Bharath NMN Natarajan, Sunny Wicks, Paul E. Stutzman, James A. Liddle, Aaron M. Forster, Brian L. Wardle
As carbon nanotube (CNT) based composites are increasingly being identified as viable aerospace materials, it is vital to study their environmental degradation characteristics. In this work, the durability of CNT reinforced hierarchical alumina fiber

Polymer Informatics: Opportunities and Challenges

September 15, 2017
Author(s)
Debra J. Audus, Juan J. de Pablo
We are entering an era where large volumes of scientific data, coupled with algorithmic and computational advances, can reduce both the time and cost of developing new materials. This emerging field known as materials informatics has gained acceptance for

Electromagnetic Scattering from Individual Crumpled Graphene Flakes: A Characteristic Modes Approach

September 14, 2017
Author(s)
Edward J. Garboczi, Jack F. Douglas, Luis Fernando Vargas Lara, Ahmed M. Hassan, Deb Chatterjee, Kalyan Durbhakula, Md Gaffar
Graphene flakes in real composites are rarely perfectly flat, and often exhibit complicated crumpled shapes. Therefore, the goal of this work was to quantify the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of individual crumpled graphene flakes with shapes

Fine Tuning of MOF-505 Analogues to Reduce Low-Pressure Methane Uptake and Enhance Methane Working Capacity

September 7, 2017
Author(s)
Mingxing Zhang, Wei Zhou, Tony Pham, Katherine A. Forrest, Wenlong Liu, Yabing He, Hui Wu, Taner N. Yildirim, Banglin Chen, Brian Space, Yi Pan, Michael J. Zaworotko, Junfeng Bai
We present a crystal engineering strategy to fine tune the pore chemistry of a family of isomorphous MOFs with similar pore size, pore surface properties and surface area (around 3000 m 2 g -1). Targeting PCN-14 variants in order to enhance its CH 4

Ionizing Radiation Processing and its Potential in Advancing Biorefining and Nanocellulose Composite Materials Manufacturing

September 1, 2017
Author(s)
Michael T. Postek, Dianne L. Poster, Andras Vladar, Mark S. Driscoll, Jay A. LaVerne, Zios Tsinas, Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
Nanocellulose is a high value material that has gained increasing attention because of its high strength, stiffness, unique photonic and piezoelectric properties, high stability and uniform structure. Through utilization of a biorefinery concept

Modifying Surface Fluctuations of Polymer Melt Films with Substrate Modification

September 1, 2017
Author(s)
Yang Zhou, Qiming He, Fan Zhang, Feipeng Yang, Suresh Narayanan, Guangcui Yuan, Ali Dhinojwala, Mark D. Foster
Deposition of a plasma polymerized film on a silicon substrate changes the fluctuations on the surface of a sufficiently thin, melt polystyrene (PS) film atop the substrate. Surface fluctuation relaxation times measured with X-ray photon correlation

A Low Energy Route to DNA-wrapped Carbon Nanotubes via Replacement of Bile Salts

August 31, 2017
Author(s)
Ming Zheng, Jason K. Streit, Jeffrey A. Fagan
DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes are a class of bio-nano hybrid molecules that exhibit extended bonding structures and have enabled carbon nanotube sorting, controlled assembly, and biosensing and bioimaging applications. The current method of synthesizing

Diffusion of water in silica: Influence of moderate stresses

August 29, 2017
Author(s)
Sheldon M. Wiederhorn, Susanne Wagner, Gabriele Rizzi, Michael J. Hoffmann, Theo Fett
Here we study the diffusive transfer of water into silica glass in the presence of externally applied stresses, and stresses caused by water induced swelling of the glass. By considering the simultaneous action of water penetration into the surface of

Pattern selection in ternary mushy layers

August 25, 2017
Author(s)
Daniel M. Anderson
We consider finite-amplitude convection in a mushy layer during the primary solidification of a ternary alloy. A previous linear theory identified, for the case of vanishing latent heat, solute rejection and background solidification, a direct mode of

Coarse-grained model of the dynamics of electrolyte solutions

August 17, 2017
Author(s)
Jack F. Douglas, Marat Andreev, Juan J. de Pablo, Alexandros Chremos
Ion specific solvation has fundamental implications in biochemistry and the thermo- dynamics and dynamics of aqueous salt solutions has correspondingly been investigated intensively. Nonetheless, recent works have indicated fundamental unresolved issues in
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