U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Fire

Fire risk reduction

Search Publications

Search Title, Abstract, Conference, Citation, Keyword or Author
  • Published Date
Displaying 26 - 50 of 121

Examining the effectiveness of water suppression for mitigating backdrafts

March 19, 2023
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
An analysis of the backdraft phenomenon's mitigation from water suppression is con- ducted in a 2/5th scale compartment. Different volumes of water were introduced via a ceiling- mounted misting nozzle into the compartment, which hosted conditions

Real-Time Flashover Prediction Model for Multi-Compartment Building Structures Using Attention Based Recurrent Neural Networks

March 17, 2023
Author(s)
Wai Cheong Tam, Eugene Yujun Fu, Jiajia Li, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Thomas Cleary, Grace Ngai, Hong Va Leong, Michael Xuelin Huang
This paper presents the development of an attention based bi-directional gated recurrent unit model, P-Flashv2, for the prediction of potential occurrence of flashover in a traditional 111 m2 single story ranch-style family home. Synthetic temperature data

An Automated System for Flow Characterization at Exhaust Ducts and Smokestacks

February 10, 2023
Author(s)
Rodney Bryant, Artur A. Chernovsky, Joseph A. Falco, Iosif Isaakovich Shinder
This report summarizes the design and description for an automated system of velocity traverse probes. Performance of key components of the system are also described. The system is designed for conducting detailed characterizations of flow distributions in

Characterization of backdrafts generated from methane fires

March 10, 2022
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Christopher U. Brown, Thomas Cleary
An analysis of oxygen concentration measurements is conducted to investigate compartment ventilation before a potential backdraft phenomenon. Experiments are performed in a 2/5th scale compartment of varying configurations such as fuel flow time, spark

WUI Structure/Parcel/Community Fire Hazard Mitigation Methodology

March 1, 2022
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Eric Link, Shonali Nazare, Steven Hawks, Jim McDougald, Stephen Quarles, Daniel Gorham
In the last twenty years, wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires have been growing in severity and size. The structures destroyed by WUI fires have devastated entire communities and have cost billions of dollars while significantly impacting the social

The Design and Performance of a Second-Generation Phi Meter

January 5, 2022
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
This report documents the design and performance of a second-generation phi meter used in multi-scale experimental applications. A constructed second-generation phi meter is implemented in bench and 2/5th scale experiments to demonstrate the instrument's

A Generic Flashover Prediction Model for Residential Buildings Using Graph Neural Network

November 11, 2021
Author(s)
Wai Cheong Tam, Eugene Yujun Fu, Paul A. Reneke, Richard D. Peacock, Thomas Cleary
A generic graph neural network-based model is developed to predict the potential occurrence of flashover for different building structures. The proposed model transforms multivariate temperature data into graph-structure data. Utilizing graph convolution

Characteristics of Nuclear Power Plant Fires Involving Electrical Enclosures

November 10, 2021
Author(s)
Isaac Leventon, Kenneth Hamburger, Kevin B. McGrattan, Rick D. Davis
PRIMARY AUDIENCE Fire protection and fire probabilistic risk assessment engineers conducting or reviewing fire modeling that supports fire probabilistic risk assessments related to characteristics (e.g., ignition, fire growth, and peak heat release rate)

Human Behavior in Home Fires

November 9, 2021
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert
Casualties in fires--and in particular, deaths--are tail events. The average fire does not cause deaths or injuries. There is increasing evidence that the people susceptible to dying in fires are a specific subset of the people in homes. It seems likely

Response Time Impact of Smoke Alarms

September 9, 2021
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert, Thomas Cleary, Paul A. Reneke, Richard Peacock, David Butry
It can be assumed that smoke alarms reduce reported fires and casualties by reducing on average the amount of time it takes to detect a fire. This paper sets out to determine by how much that detection time is reduced. It does so by comparing the effect of

Demonstration of an all-in-one solution for fire safe upholstery furniture: A benign backcoating for smoldering and flame-resistant cover fabrics

August 15, 2021
Author(s)
Ickchan Kim, Andre Thompson, Sung Chan Kim, Anthony Hamins, Matthew Bundy, Shonali Nazare, Rick D. Davis, Mauro Zammarano
The development of fire prevention and mitigation technologies with a benign toxicological and environmental profile has become of particular interest in the USA due to the recent adoption of state regulations that severely restrict the use of flame

Sensors and Machine Learning Models to Prevent Cooktop Ignition and Ignore Normal Cooking

July 28, 2021
Author(s)
Amy Mensch, Anthony Hamins, Wai Cheong Tam, John Lu, Kathryn Markell, Christina You, Matthew Kupferschmid
According to a recent NFPA report, 49 % of reported home fires involve cooking equipment, with cooktops accounting for 87 % of cooking-fire deaths and 80 % of the civilian injuries [1, 2]. Between 2014–2018, U.S. fire departments responded to an estimated

Sensors and Machine Learning Models to Prevent Cooktop Ignition and Ignore Normal Cooking

March 18, 2021
Author(s)
Amy Mensch, Anthony Hamins, Andy Tam, John Lu, Kathryn Markell, Christina You, Matthew Kupferschmid
Cooking equipment is involved in nearly half of home fires in the United States, with cooktop fires the leading cause of deaths and injuries in cooking-related fires. In this study, we evaluate 16 electrochemical, optical, temperature and humidity sensors
Was this page helpful?