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Fire

Fire risk reduction

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Displaying 51 - 75 of 121

Optimizing Flame Retardancy and Durability of Melamine-Formaldehyde/Solid-Urban-Waste Composite Panels

February 26, 2021
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Carola Esposito Corcione, Francesca Ferrari, Raffaella Striani, Laura J. Dubrulle, Paolo Visconti, Antonio Greco
In our previous study, an innovative method for sterilization, inertization, and valorization of organic fraction of the municipal solid waste (OFMSW), to be recycled in the production of composite panels, had been developed. In this follow-up work, the

Predicting Flashover Occurrence using Surrogate Temperature Data

February 9, 2021
Author(s)
Andy Tam, Eugene Yujun Fu, Richard Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Jun Wang, Grace Ngai, Hong Va Leong, Thomas Cleary
Fire fighter fatalities and injuries in the U.S. remain too high and fire fighting too hazardous. Until now, fire fighters rely only on their experience to avoid life-threatening fire events, such as flashover. In this paper, we describe the development of

The Character of Residential Cooktop Fires

January 8, 2021
Author(s)
Yue Hu, Jian Chen, Zhigang Wang, Ki Yong Lee, Matthew Bundy, Anthony Hamins, Marco G. Fernandez
A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the pre-combustion and combustion properties of corn oil heated in pans from 10 cm to 26 cm diameter by a residential electric- coil element cooktop. For comparison, torch-ignited gasoline, heptane and

Full-Scale Experiments to Demonstrate Flammability Risk of Residential Upholstered Furniture and Mitigation Using Barrier Fabric

December 11, 2020
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Matthew S. Hoehler, John R. Shields, Andre L. Thompson, Ickchan Kim, Isaac T. Leventon, Matthew F. Bundy
In this work, we investigated fire growth in a furnished compartment intended to mimic a living room where a couch was the main fuel load. Three TB-117-2013 compliant and commercially available couches were procured. The couches were identical except for

Estimating the Impact of 16 CFR Part 1633 on Bed Fire Outcomes

November 18, 2020
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert, David Butry, Rick D. Davis, Richard Gann
Effective July 1, 2007, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission promulgated a standard to severely reduce the heat release rate and the early heat output from mattresses and foundations when ignited by a flaming ignition source. This study estimates

The Roles of Standard Cigarettes in Assuring the Ignition Resistance of Soft Furnishings

November 18, 2020
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Ickchan Kim, Steven P. Lund, William F. Guthrie, Rick D. Davis
Regulations for cigarette ignition resistance (CIR) of soft furnishings (beds and upholstered furniture) and less fire-prone cigarettes have contributed substantially to the decrease in losses from cigarette-initiated fires over time. Two Standard

On the Use of Machine Learning Models to Forecast Flashover Occurrence in a Compartment

September 15, 2020
Author(s)
Jun Wang, Andy Tam, Paul A. Reneke, Richard Peacock, Thomas Cleary, Eugene Yujun Fu, Grace Ngai, Hong Va Leong
This paper presents a study to examine the potential use of machine learning algorithms to build a model to forecast the likelihood of flashover occurrence for a single-floor multi-room compartment. Synthetic temperature data for heat detectors from

Prevention of Cooktop Ignition Using Detection and Multi-Step Machine Learning Algorithms

May 8, 2020
Author(s)
Wai Cheong Tam, Eugene Yujun Fu, Amy E. Mensch, Anthony P. Hamins, Christina Yu, Grace Ngai, Hong va Leong
This paper presents a study to examine the potential use of machine learning models to build a real-time detection algorithm for prevention of kitchen cooktop fires. Sixteen sets of time- dependent sensor signals were obtained from 60 normal/ignition

Estimating the Impact of 16 CFR Part 1633 on Bed Fire Outcomes

April 28, 2020
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert, David T. Butry, Richard G. Gann, Rick D. Davis
Effective July 1, 2007, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission promulgated a Standard that would severely reduce the heat release rate and the early heat output from mattresses and foundations that had been ignited by a flaming ignition source

Behavior and Limit States of Long-Span Composite Floor Beams with Simple Shear Connections subject to Compartment Fires: Experimental Evaluation

March 24, 2020
Author(s)
Lisa Y. Choe, Selvarajah Ramesh, William L. Grosshandler, Matthew S. Hoehler, Mina S. Seif, John L. Gross, Matthew F. Bundy
This paper presents the results of compartment fire experiments on four 12.8 m long composite floor beams with various end support conditions. Specimens were constructed as partially- composite beams, consisting of W18x35 steel beams and 83 mm thick

The NIST 20 MW Calorimetry Measurement System for Large-Fire Research

December 26, 2019
Author(s)
Rodney A. Bryant, Matthew F. Bundy
The National Fire Research Laboratory is a unique large-fire research facility; able to characterize the response of full-scale building systems to realistic mechanical loading and fire. The facility maintains an infrastructure of measurements necessary

Compartment Fire Experiments on Long-Span Composite-Beams with Simple Shear Connections Part 1: Experiment Design and Beam Behavior at Ambient Temperature

October 22, 2019
Author(s)
Selvarajah Ramesh, Lisa Choe, Mina S. Seif, Matthew Hoehler, William L. Grosshandler, Ana Sauca, Matthew Bundy, William E. Luecke, Yi Bao, Matthew Klegseth, Genda Chen, John Reilly, Branko Glisic
The National Institute of Standards and Technology recently expanded its large-scale structural-fire testing capabilities in the National Fire Research Laboratory. A landmark test series was conducted on long-span steel-concrete composite floor beams

On Correlating Mixed Forest Fuel Bed Fire Spread Data

September 13, 2019
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang
Mixing rules are proposed and used to correlate well-mixed forest fuel bed fire spread data from the literature using the dimensionless correlations previously developed for single-species forest fuel bed fire spread with the help of dimensional analysis

Estimating Smoke Detector Effectiveness and Utilization in Homes

November 6, 2018
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert
This report sets out to answer three questions. What effect does installing smoke detectors have on reported fires and casualties for the “average” household? How much of an effect would increasing smoke detector utilization have on the total number of

FIRE PERFORMANCE OF LONG-SPAN COMPOSITE BEAMS WITH GRAVITY CONNECTIONS

June 6, 2018
Author(s)
Lisa Y. Choe, Selvarajah Ramesh, Mina S. Seif, Matthew S. Hoehler, William L. Grosshandler, John L. Gross, Matthew F. Bundy
Prescriptive fire-resistance ratings for structural components provide limited insight into the system-level performance of steel-concrete composite structures in fire. Specifically, long- span composite beam assemblies exposed to fire have vulnerabilities
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