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Fire

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Displaying 2051 - 2075 of 3901

Discussion of Definition of Wind Profiles in ASCE 7 by Yin Zhou and Ahsan Kareem

November 1, 2003
Author(s)
Emil Simiu, Fahim Sadek, Michael A. Riley
The discussion presents a critique of a paper published in the Journal of Structural Engineering, Aug. 2002, pp. 1082-1086. The main points of the discussion are: (1) the ASCE Standard definition of wind profiles is inconsistent with the ASCE definition of

Enemies at the Gates: Securing the BACnet building

November 1, 2003
Author(s)
David G. Holmberg
This article seeks to increase awareness of the threats associated with connecting the building control system (specifically a BACnet system) to a wider network. In addition, it presents countermeasures available for addressing security threats

On the Interaction of a Liquid Droplet with a Pool of Hot Cooking Oil

November 1, 2003
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Jiann C. Yang, Thomas G. Cleary
An experimental study is presented for distilled water droplets impacting on a heated pool of cooking oil. The impaction process was recorded using a high-speed digital camera at 1000 frames per second. The initial droplet diameter was fixed at 3.1+0.1 mm

A Simulation Analysis of BACnet Local Area Networks

October 15, 2003
Author(s)
W Song, S Hong, Steven T. Bushby
Cnet is a standard data communication protocol for building automation and control systems. BACnet defines an object-base model of the information that is exchanged between components of the building automation system and an application layer protocol that

Development of an Optical Fiber-Based Moisture Sensor for Building Envelopes

October 1, 2003
Author(s)
William M. Healy, S Luo, M Evans, A Sucheta, Y Liu
Optical fiber-based moisture sensors have been developed to help detect moisture problems in building envelopes. The sensors are created with a coating on a long period grating that is written onto optical fiber. As the coating absorbs moisture from its

Impact of Natural Ventilation Strategies and Design Issues for California Applications, Including Input to ASHRAE Standard 62 and California Title 24-Report on Task 4.4.3a and 4.4.3b of CEC-EEB RMT Project

October 1, 2003
Author(s)
Steven J. Emmerich, Andrew K. Persily, William S. Dols, James W. Axley
Natural ventilation has the potential to reduce the energy required for cooling and ventilating commercial buildings while still providing acceptable thermal comfort and indoor air quality. While a recent surge of interest in Europe has advanced natural

Proceedings of the LADAR Calibration Facility Workshop, June 12-13, 2003

October 1, 2003
Author(s)
Geraldine S. Cheok
The use and scope of LADAR applications continues to expand as the technology matures, but standard protocols or procedures for calibrating and testing of LADARs have yet to be developed. While selections of LADAR instruments are generally based on the

Radiative Heat Flux Measurement Uncertainty

October 1, 2003
Author(s)
Rodney A. Bryant, C A. Womeldorf, Erik L. Johnsson, Thomas J. Ohlemiller
As part of an effort to characterize the uncertainties associated with heat flux measurements in a fire environment, an uncertainty analysis example was performed using measurement data from a room corner surface products test that followed the guidelines

Recommendations for Application of CO 2 -Based Demand Controlled Ventilation Including Proposed Guidance for ASHRAE Standard 62 and California's Title 24

September 29, 2003
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, Jim Braun, Steven J. Emmerich, Kevin Mercer, Tom Lawerence
Carbon dioxide (CO2) based demand controlled ventilation (DCV) has been proposed and implemented for many years as a strategy for increasing energy efficiency by providing outdoor air ventilation rates based on actual occupancy rather than design occupancy

Reliability-Based Method for Service Life Prediction of Materials

September 17, 2003
Author(s)
Christopher C. White, Jonathan W. Martin, S F. Weber, L Shultz
Standard test methods, such as ASTM C719, evaluate sealant performance though threshold test measurements. This method and its derivatives do not offer reliable predictions of in-service performance. This presentation will detail efforts to move away from

Scale Model Flames for Determining the Heat Release Rate from Burning Polymers

September 17, 2003
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, I P. Rafferty
The utility of flame size for the assessment of the heat release rate of burning polymers has been studied. Six polymers were tested in the NIST cone calorimeter to determine their heat release rate, and their flame height, area, and volume. A reduced

Suppression of Cup-Burner Flames

September 17, 2003
Author(s)
F Takahashi, Gregory T. Linteris, V Katta
The unsteady suppression process of a laminar methane-air co-flow diffusion flame formed on a cup burner has been studied experimentally and numerically in normal earth gravity. The computation uses a time-dependent direct numerical simulation with

Some Issues Relating to Performance Evaluation of LADARs

September 16, 2003
Author(s)
Geraldine S. Cheok, William C. Stone, Christoph J. Witzgall
The use and scope of LADAR applications continues to expand as the technology matures. This growth is reflected in NIST's experience with research into the applications of LADARs for construction, manufacturing, and autonomous vehicle navigation. However

Terrain Characterization from Ground-Based LADAR

September 16, 2003
Author(s)
Christoph J. Witzgall, Geraldine Cheok, David E. Gilsinn
Test runs of Army Research Laboratory s (ARL) autonomous vehicle (Experimental Unmanned Vehicle, XUV) were followed by the acquisition of high resolution scans of selected regions of the test course. These scans were used to i) determine terrain features

Large-Scale Modeling of Fire Suppression with Water Sprays

September 2, 2003
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan
The mechanisms underlying fire suppression by water can bedivided into gas and solid phase phenomena. Numerical models ofthese phenomena are dependent on the level of detail given to thecombustion and the fuel pyrolysis processes.Presently, models of gas

Unwanted Accelerated Burning After Suppressant Delivery

September 2, 2003
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, Kevin B. McGrattan, Glenn P. Forney
In a number of real-scale fire tests, accelerated or enhanced unwanted burning has been observed immediately following the delivery of a fire suppressant. The conditions under which this phenomena occurs, its potential for harm, and its effect on the

Immersive Virtual Reality for Steel Structures

September 1, 2003
Author(s)
Robert R. Lipman
This paper describes an immersive virtual reality system for steel structures. The system integrates standard models and formats for representing structural steel and three-dimensional graphic objects with a framework for device independent virtual

Papers from 1991-2003 Halon Options Technical Working Conferences (HOTWC)

September 1, 2003
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Star R. Burgess, Paul A. Reneke
As a result of the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act, there began a movement toward phaseout of the use of the halon fire suppressants. The HOTWC was initiated as a forum for such contributory
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