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Fire

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Displaying 1701 - 1725 of 3901

Structural Fire Response and Probable Collapse Sequence of the World Trade Center Towers. Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1-6) ***DRAFT for Public Comments***

September 1, 2005
Author(s)
John L. Gross, Therese P. McAllister
One of the four main objectives of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) investigation of the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers was to determine why and how the two towers collapsed. Events that played a significant role

Technical Documentation for Survey Administration: Questionnaires, Interviews, and Focus Groups. Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1-7B) ***DRAFT for Public Comments***

September 1, 2005
Author(s)
Johanna Zmud
This report documents the methods and outcomes of the telephone survey, face-to-face interviews, and focus groups that were conducted in support of the federal building and fire safety investigation of the World Trade Center disaster. In total, 803

Ventilation Rates in U.S. Office BuildingsFrom the EPA Base Study

September 1, 2005
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, J Gorfain, Greg Brunner
The EPA BASE study involved indoor environmental measurements in 100 U.S. office buildings. This paper presents an analysis of the measured outdoor air ventilation rates, including comparisons with the requirements in ASHRAE Standard 62. The outdoor

Visual Evidence, Damage Estimates, and Timeline Analysis (Chapters 1-8). Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1-5A) ***DRAFT for Public Comments***

September 1, 2005
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Kathryn M. Butler, Valentine Junker
This report summarizes the collection and analysis of visual material used for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) World Trade Center (WTC) Investigation. The task consisted of four major subtasks: 1) identification, collection, data

Visual Evidence, Damage Estimates, and Timeline Analysis (NIST NCSTAR 1-5A)Chapter 9-Appendices A-M. Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster

September 1, 2005
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Kathryn M. Butler, Valentine Junker
This report summarizes the collection and analysis of visual material used for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) World Trade Center (WTC) Investigation. The task consisted of four major subtasks: 1) identification, collection, data

What We Think We Know About Ventilation

September 1, 2005
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily
The amount of outdoor air provided to occupied spaces is one of the most important determinants of indoor air quality, but many critical questions and misunderstandings still exist regarding outdoor air ventilation. First, given the importance of

Conclusions and Recommendations from the Pentagon Crash

August 1, 2005
Author(s)
Paul K. Mlakar, D O. Dusenberry, J R. Harris, G A. Haynes, Long Phan, M A. Sozen
The devastation in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the Pentagon was reduced by the building s resilient structural system. The continuity, redundancy, and energy-absorbing capacity embodied in this system should be incorporated in structures

Description of Structural Damage Caused by the Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon

August 1, 2005
Author(s)
Paul K. Mlakar, D O. Dusenberry, J R. Harris, G A. Haynes, Long Phan, M A. Sozen
On September 11, 2001, an airliner was intentionally crashed into the Pentagon. It struck at the first elevated slab on the west wall, and slid approximately 310 ft (94.5 m) diagonally into the building. The force of the collision demolished numerous

Measured Performance of Building Inegrated Photovoltaic Panels - Round 2

August 1, 2005
Author(s)
Brian P. Dougherty, Arthur H. Fanney, Mark W. Davis
Architects, building designers, and building owners presently lack sufficient resources for thoroughly evaluating the economic impact of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is addressing this

On the Toughness of the Pentagon Structure

August 1, 2005
Author(s)
Paul K. Mlakar, D O. Dusenberry, J R. Harris, G A. Haynes, Long Phan, M A. Sozen
On 11 September 2001, the reinforced concrete structure of the Pentagon Building was able to resist, without collapse, the impact of a large commercial airliner despite the total loss of 26 columns and severe damage to 15 columns at the ground level. The

Pore Pressure in High-Strength Concrete at High Temperature

August 1, 2005
Author(s)
Long T. Phan
This paper presents results of an experimental program to study the effects of elevated temperature exposure on pore pressure buildup and potential for explosive spalling in normal strength (NSC) and high-strength concrete (HSC). Thermally-induced pore

R-22 Replacement Status (in Polish)

August 1, 2005
Author(s)
J M. Calm, Piotr A. Domanski
Since its initial recognition in 1928 and commercialization in 1936, R-22 has been applied in systems ranging from the smallest window air conditioners to the largest chillers and heat pumps, including those for district cooling and heating. Individual

Response to Fire Exposure of the Pentagon Structural Elements

August 1, 2005
Author(s)
Paul K. Mlakar, D O. Dusenberry, J R. Harris, G A. Haynes, Long Phan, M A. Sozen
An overview of fire damage sustained by the Pentagon structural elements in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack is provided. The fire intensity in some compartments of the affected areas inside the Pentagon was approximated to be between those of the

September 11, 2001, Airliner Crash Into the Pentagon

August 1, 2005
Author(s)
Paul K. Mlakar, D O. Dusenberry, J R. Harris, G A. Haynes, Long Phan, M A. Sozen
The Pentagon was constructed between September 1941 and January 1943. A substantial renovation of the entire 6.6 million sq ft (610 thousand sq m) facility began in 1999 and is scheduled for completion in 2010. On September 11, 2001, a hijacked commercial

Impulsive Loading of Cellular Media in Sandwich Construction

July 31, 2005
Author(s)
Joseph A. Main, George A. Gazonas
Motivated by recent efforts to mitigate blast loading using energy absorbing materials, this paper investigates the uniaxial crushing of cellular media in sandwich construction under impulsive pressure loading. The cellular core material is modeled using a

A Review of Building Evacuation Models

July 1, 2005
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Richard D. Peacock
Evacuation calculations are increasingly becoming a part of performance-based analyses to assess the level of life safety provided in buildings. In some cases, engineers are using back-of-the-envelope (hand) calculation to assess life safety, and in others

A Review of Building Evacuation Models

July 1, 2005
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Richard D. Peacock
Evacuation calculations are increasingly becoming a part of performance-based analyses to assess the level of life safety provided in buildings. In some cases, engineers are using back-of-the-envelope (hand) calculation to assess life safety, and in others

Economic Value of Combined Best Practice Use

July 1, 2005
Author(s)
S H. Lee, Stephen R. Thomas, C L. Macken, Robert E. Chapman, R L. Tucker, I H. Kim
This paper measures the value of best practices based on data taken from the Construction Industry Institute Benchmarking and Metrics database. A three-step process provides the basis for measuring the potential benefits of increased best practice use
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