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Fire

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Displaying 151 - 175 of 3910

Some Properties of Irregular 3-D Particles

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
Michael A. Taylor, Edward Garboczi, S T. Erdogan, D Fowler
This paper discusses some of the properties of irregular particles that are of interest to engineers, including volume, density, & surface area. Numerical and statistical information on these properties is essential (a) for a better understanding of

Species Formation and Burning Characteristics of Scaled Propane Compartment Fires

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
C J. Wieczorek, U Vandsburger, J E. Floyd
Fires occurring in dense occupancies such as hospitals, dormitories, and nursing homes pose a serious threat to occupants due to the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. This risk is becoming increasingly important as the population demographics of developed

Study of Photodegradation of Epoxy Polymer by Using Slow Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
R Zhang, Xiaohong Gu, H Chen, J Zhang, Y Li, Tinh Nguyen, T C. Sandreczki, Y C. Jean
Slow positron annihilation spectroscopy (SPAS) has been used to study the early stage of epoxy photodegradation. Spin-coated samples of a crosslinked epoxy were prepared by stoichiometrically mixing a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin with 1,3

Synthesis and Characterization of Siloxy-Containing Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
Paul A. Wheeler, Jeffrey W. Gilman, L J. Mathias
A novel family of siloxy-containing imidazolium ionic liquids was synthesized and their thermal and decomposition properties studied. Three of the four compounds exhibited an unexpectedly low decomposition temperature of ca. 200 C that appears to be due to

Synthesis of Imidazolium Salts and Their Application in Epoxy Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
Joseph Langat, S Bellayer, P Hudrlik, A Hudrlik, P H. Maupin, Jeffrey W. Gilman, D T. Raghavan
Considerable research has been conducted in improving the performance characteristics of nanocomposites, however, relatively few attempts have been made to address the thermal stability of nanocomposite. An attempt is being made to improve the thermal

Three-Dimensional Shape Analysis of Coarse Aggregates: Methodology and Preliminary Results on Several Different Coarse Aggregates

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
S T. Erdogan, P N. Quiroga, D Fowler, H A. Saleh, Richard A. Livingston, Edward Garboczi, Peter M. Ketcham, John G. Hagedorn, Steven G. Satterfield
The shape of aggregates used in concrete is an important parameter that helps determine many concrete properties. The mathematical technique of spherical harmonic analysis was recently demonstrated to be able to effectively analyze three dimensional

Toxic Potency Values for Smoke from Products and Materials

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
J L. Neviaser, Richard Gann
Many devices have been used to generate data on the toxic potency of smoke from burning products and materials. This paper critically reviews those apparatus and sorts them by the combustion conditions (related to a type of fire) producing the smoke, the

Two Sides Ignition Over a Thin PMMA Sheet in Microgravity

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
Y N. Nakamura, Takashi Kashiwagi, S L. Olson, K K. Nishizawa, O -. Fujita
A series of the experiments was conducted in microgravity to study the ignition characteristics of a thin PMMA sheet (thicknesses of 0.2 mm and 0. 4 mm) using a CO2 laser as an external radiant source. Two separate ignition events were observed, the first

Wind-Excited Torsional Response of Tall Buildings

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
I Venanzi, William P. Fritz
A procedure for the evaluation of wind-induced torsional vibrations of tall buildings is proposed. The procedure is capable of accounting for the time-dependent eccentricity of the aerodynamic forces on the building surface with respect to the elastic

Wind-Tunnel Model Scale and Estimates of Wind Effects on Low-Rise Buildings

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
Michael A. Riley, Emil Simiu
Although the wind load provisions of many modern building codes are based on the results of wind tunnel testing, some effects of model scale and pressure tap quantity are still not well understood. Using test data obtained at two different scales for a low

Wireless Ad-hoc Network for Trades Tracking

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
D P. Starin, William C. Stone
The NIST Construction Metrology and Automation Group (CMAG), at the suggestion of various members of the CII FIATECH consortium, investigated the possibility of developing an economical, rugged system for approximate localization of crafts and trades

The structure of medium-scale propane pool fires

September 23, 2021
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Kunhyuk Sung, Anthony Hamins
A series of time-averaged temperature, velocity, and gas species measurements are made along the centerline of propane fires established on a 37 cm diameter gas burner situated in a quiescent environment. Fires with heat release rates of 20 kW and 34 kW

Firebrands generated in Shurijo Castle Fire on October 30th, 2019

September 14, 2021
Author(s)
Samuel Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
A fire started in Shurijo Seiden, or the main hall of Shurijo Castle, Naha-city, Okinawa, Japan on the morning of October 30th, 2019. The fire resulted in loss of 8 structures and many important Okinawan cultural assets. The original Shurijo Castle was

Demonstration of an all-in-one solution for fire safe upholstery furniture: A benign backcoating for smoldering and flame-resistant cover fabrics

August 15, 2021
Author(s)
Ickchan Kim, Andre Thompson, Sung Chan Kim, Anthony Hamins, Matthew Bundy, Shonali Nazare, Rick D. Davis, Mauro Zammarano
The development of fire prevention and mitigation technologies with a benign toxicological and environmental profile has become of particular interest in the USA due to the recent adoption of state regulations that severely restrict the use of flame

Velocity and Temperature Structure of Medium-Scale Pool Fires

June 22, 2021
Author(s)
Kunhyuk Sung, Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Anthony Hamins
A series of measurements was conducted using a bidirectional probe to characterize the upward speed in the plumes of medium-scale pool fires burning a variety of gaseous and liquid fuels. Time-averaged local measurements of the upward velocity were
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