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Fire

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Displaying 151 - 175 of 3901

Three-Dimensional Shape Analysis of Coarse Aggregates: Methodology and Preliminary Results on Several Different Coarse Aggregates

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
S T. Erdogan, P N. Quiroga, D Fowler, H A. Saleh, Richard A. Livingston, Edward Garboczi, Peter M. Ketcham, John G. Hagedorn, Steven G. Satterfield
The shape of aggregates used in concrete is an important parameter that helps determine many concrete properties. The mathematical technique of spherical harmonic analysis was recently demonstrated to be able to effectively analyze three dimensional

Toxic Potency Values for Smoke from Products and Materials

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
J L. Neviaser, Richard Gann
Many devices have been used to generate data on the toxic potency of smoke from burning products and materials. This paper critically reviews those apparatus and sorts them by the combustion conditions (related to a type of fire) producing the smoke, the

Two Sides Ignition Over a Thin PMMA Sheet in Microgravity

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
Y N. Nakamura, Takashi Kashiwagi, S L. Olson, K K. Nishizawa, O -. Fujita
A series of the experiments was conducted in microgravity to study the ignition characteristics of a thin PMMA sheet (thicknesses of 0.2 mm and 0. 4 mm) using a CO2 laser as an external radiant source. Two separate ignition events were observed, the first

Wind-Excited Torsional Response of Tall Buildings

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
I Venanzi, William P. Fritz
A procedure for the evaluation of wind-induced torsional vibrations of tall buildings is proposed. The procedure is capable of accounting for the time-dependent eccentricity of the aerodynamic forces on the building surface with respect to the elastic

Wind-Tunnel Model Scale and Estimates of Wind Effects on Low-Rise Buildings

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
Michael A. Riley, Emil Simiu
Although the wind load provisions of many modern building codes are based on the results of wind tunnel testing, some effects of model scale and pressure tap quantity are still not well understood. Using test data obtained at two different scales for a low

Wireless Ad-hoc Network for Trades Tracking

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
D P. Starin, William C. Stone
The NIST Construction Metrology and Automation Group (CMAG), at the suggestion of various members of the CII FIATECH consortium, investigated the possibility of developing an economical, rugged system for approximate localization of crafts and trades

The structure of medium-scale propane pool fires

September 23, 2021
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Kunhyuk Sung, Anthony Hamins
A series of time-averaged temperature, velocity, and gas species measurements are made along the centerline of propane fires established on a 37 cm diameter gas burner situated in a quiescent environment. Fires with heat release rates of 20 kW and 34 kW

Firebrands generated in Shurijo Castle Fire on October 30th, 2019

September 14, 2021
Author(s)
Samuel Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
A fire started in Shurijo Seiden, or the main hall of Shurijo Castle, Naha-city, Okinawa, Japan on the morning of October 30th, 2019. The fire resulted in loss of 8 structures and many important Okinawan cultural assets. The original Shurijo Castle was

Demonstration of an all-in-one solution for fire safe upholstery furniture: A benign backcoating for smoldering and flame-resistant cover fabrics

August 15, 2021
Author(s)
Ickchan Kim, Andre Thompson, Sung Chan Kim, Anthony Hamins, Matthew Bundy, Shonali Nazare, Rick D. Davis, Mauro Zammarano
The development of fire prevention and mitigation technologies with a benign toxicological and environmental profile has become of particular interest in the USA due to the recent adoption of state regulations that severely restrict the use of flame

Velocity and Temperature Structure of Medium-Scale Pool Fires

June 22, 2021
Author(s)
Kunhyuk Sung, Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Anthony Hamins
A series of measurements was conducted using a bidirectional probe to characterize the upward speed in the plumes of medium-scale pool fires burning a variety of gaseous and liquid fuels. Time-averaged local measurements of the upward velocity were

Investigating Firebrand Deposition Processes in Large Outdoor Fires

May 27, 2021
Author(s)
Sayaka Suzuki, Samuel Manzello
Devastating large outdoor fires have been responsible for destruction of vast amounts of infrastructure and loss of human life. Wildland fires that spread into urban areas, known as wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires, are capable of enormous destruction

The Combustion of Noble-Fir Trees in the Presence of an Applied Wind Field

May 27, 2021
Author(s)
Samuel Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
Wildland fires that spread into urban areas, termed wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires, are becoming more and more common across multiple locations of the world. An important component in rapid spread of large outdoor fires is the production or

Structure Separation Experiments Phase 1 Preliminary Test Plan

May 26, 2021
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Eric Link, Kuldeep Prasad, Matthew Hoehler, Matthew Bundy, Steven Hawks, Frank Bigelow, William (Ruddy) Mell, Anthony Bova, Derek McNamara, Tom Milac, Daniel Gorham, Faraz Hedayati, Bob Raymer, Frank Frievalt, William Walton
The primary objective of this project is to assess structure-to-structure fire spread for structures located in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI). Full-scale fire experiments will be conducted in which various types of structures (sources of fire) will be

National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan 2020

February 9, 2021
Author(s)
Heather Evans, Kristen K. Greene, William M. Healy, Elizabeth Hoffman, Kate Rimmer, Anna V. Sberegaeva, Neil M. Zimmerman
The 2020 National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan provides an analysis of key external factors that could impact NIST and the fulfillment of its mission in coming years. The analyses were conducted through four separate lenses

A Case Study of the Camp Fire - Fire Progression Timeline

February 8, 2021
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Eric D. Link, Christopher U. Brown, William Mell, Steven Hawks, Mike Wilson, Will Brewer, Robert Vihnanek, William D. Walton
The Camp Fire ignited on November 8, 2018 in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in Butte County, California. The first 24 hours were characterized by a fast-moving fire with initial spread driven by high winds up to 22 m/s (50 mi/h) and long-range spotting
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