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Fire

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Displaying 1176 - 1200 of 3901

Smokeview: A Visualization Tool for Understanding Fire Dynamics

December 1, 2008
Author(s)
Glenn P. Forney
The purpose of fire modeling is to gain a better insight into fire dynamics and how it impacts fire safety -- not to generate large amounts of data. Gaining this insight requires visualization tools that display what the numbers generated by the model

Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7, Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1A)

November 20, 2008
Author(s)
Sivaraj Shyam-Sunder, Richard G. Gann, William L. Grosshandler, Hai S. Lew, Richard W. Bukowski, Fahim Sadek, Frank W. Gayle, John L. Gross, Therese P. McAllister, Jason D. Averill, James R. Lawson, Harold E. Nelson, Stephen A. Cauffman
This report describes how the fires that followed the impact of debris from the collapse of WTC 1 (the north tower) led to the collapse of WTC 7; an evaluation of the building evacuation and emergency response procedures; what procedures and practices were

Global Structural Analysis of the Response of World Trade Center Building 7 to Fires and Debris Impact Damage, Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1-9A)

November 20, 2008
Author(s)
Robert S. MacNeill, Therese P. McAllister
This report analyzes the global response of WTC 7 to fire-induced structural failures and the resulting sequence of component and subsystem failures to determine the events that led to the global collapse of the building. The analysis involved a finite

Structural Fire Response and Probable Collapse Sequence of World Trade Center Building 7, Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1-9) VOLUMES 1 and 2

November 20, 2008
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister
This report provides technical documentation of how NIST reconstructed the effects of the events on September 11, 2001 on WTC 7. This includes how the fires that followed the impact of debris from the collapse of WTC 1 (the north tower) led to the collapse

Building Networks and Public Safety Communications

November 18, 2008
Author(s)
David G. Holmberg, Stephen J. Treado, William D. Davis, Steven T. Bushby, Alan B. Vinh, Michael A. Galler, R Vettori
The Building Networks and Public Safety Communications project has three components: (1) addressing feasibility of using building networks for bridging first responder radio communications into buildings, (2) recommending changes to the SAFECOM Statement

Impacts of Information Technologies on Performance: A Cross Study Comparison

November 3, 2008
Author(s)
Yongcheol Kang, William O'Brien, Stephen R. Thomas, Robert E. Chapman
This paper evaluates the use of Information Technology (IT) and its impact on project and company performance in the construction industry. Using project level data from 139 projects and company level data from 74 companies, the current state of IT use in

Standards Development for Gas Phase Air Cleaning Equipment in Buildings

November 3, 2008
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, Cynthia H. Reed, Stephanie S. Watson, Nicos Martys, Edward J. Garboczi, Heather Davis
Concerns about building security have resulted in increasing interest in gas phase air cleaning (GPAC) and the need for standard methods to determine the effectiveness of these systems. Similarly, the ability to predict their installed performance, based

A Comparison of Viscosity-Concentration Relationships for Emulsions

November 1, 2008
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Bullard, A T. Pauli, Edward J. Garboczi, Nicos Martys
Differential Effective Medium Theory (D-EMT) is applied to derive expressions for the viscosity of a colloidal suspension or an emulsion as a function of the volume fraction of the dispersed phase. The application of D-EMT to this problem depends on how

Meaningful Performance Evalution Conditions for Fire Service Thermal Imaging Cameras

November 1, 2008
Author(s)
Francine K. Amon, Anthony P. Hamins, Nelson P. Bryner, Justin Rowe
Thermal imaging cameras (TIC) are rapidly becoming integral equipment for the fire service for use in structure fires and other emergencies. The Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has

On the Criteria for Smoldering Ignition in the CFR 1632 Test for Mattresses

November 1, 2008
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller
The Sleep Products Safety Council is sponsoring a study at NIST of the viability of a bench-scale version of CFR 1632 (cigarette ignition of mattresses). In the context of this study, NIST was also asked by CPSC to look into the criteria used to decide the

Reanalysis of BASE Ventilation Data

October 10, 2008
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily
In 2004, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published an analysis of the ventilation data collected as part of the U.S. EPA Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation (BASE) study [1]. That analysis provided a unique dataset of office

Comparing Analytical Methods for Detecting and Characterizing Nanoparticles in Formulated Products

October 1, 2008
Author(s)
Katherine M. Tyner, Anna M. Wokovich, William H. Doub, Lucinda F. Buhse, Li Piin Sung, Stephanie S. Watson, Nakissa Sadrieh
To understand the extent of consumer exposure to nanomaterials as well as how nanomaterials impact consumer goods, it is necessary to detect and characterize nanomaterials in unmodified final products. Although there are pathways to characterize

Experimental Study of the Effects of Fuel Type, Fuel Distribribution, and Vent Size on Full-Scale Underventilated Compartment Fires in an ISO 9705 Room (NIST TN 1603)

October 1, 2008
Author(s)
Andrew J. Lock, Matthew F. Bundy, Erik L. Johnsson, Anthony P. Hamins, Gwon Ko, Cheolhong Hwang, Stephen P. Fuss, Richard H. Harris Jr.
This report describes new full-scale ISO9705 compartment fire experiments, which include local measurements of temperature and species composition. The objective of this study was to generate a database of comprehensive and accurate measurements which can

Global Structural Analysis of the Response of World Trade Center Building 7 to Fires and Debris Impact Damage. Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1-9A) ***DRAFT for Public Comments***

October 1, 2008
Author(s)
R A. MacNeill, Steven W. Kirkpatrick, B D. Peterson, Robert T. Bocchieri, Therese P. McAllister
The objective of the work described in this report was to analyze the global response of WTC 7 to initial failure events due to fire and to analyze the resulting sequence of component and subsystem failures to determine the events that led to the global

Modulus and Chemical Mapping of Multi-layer Coatings

October 1, 2008
Author(s)
Aaron M. Forster, Chris A. Michaels, Li Piin Sung, Justin Lucas
Thermoplastic olefins (TPO) are polymeric materials utilized for interior and exterior automotive parts. These materials are often painted to enhance appearance and protect the soft TPO substrate. TPO materials posses a low surface energy due to the

Fire Induced Thermal and Structural Response of the World Trade Center Towers

September 26, 2008
Author(s)
Kuldeep R. Prasad, Anthony P. Hamins, Therese P. McAllister, John L. Gross
Over the past several years, there has been a resurgence of interest in studying the response of building structures to fires. Typically, the thermal loading for structural analysis of a building subject to fire is obtained from a standard time-temperature
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