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Fire

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Displaying 951 - 975 of 3910

Predicting Human Behavior during Fires

October 4, 2011
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski
Evacuation models, including engineering hand calculations and computational tools, are used to evaluate the level of safety provided by buildings during evacuation. Building designs and occupant procedures are based on the results produced from these

Mathematical Modeling of Wildland-Urban Interface Fires.

September 14, 2011
Author(s)
Randall J. McDermott, Ronald Rehm
This paper presents a simple model to demonstrate the effect on grass-fire propagation of the winds induced by structural fires in a Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) setting. The model combines an empirical formula for wind-driven grass-fire spread and a

MEASUREMENTS OF EFFECTIVE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF HELIUM AND HYDROGEN THROUGH GYPSUM

September 14, 2011
Author(s)
Jiann Yang, William M. Pitts, Marco Fernandez, Kuldeep Prasad
An experimental apparatus, which was based on the ¿-scale garage previously used for studying helium release and dispersion in our laboratory, was used to obtain effective diffusion coefficients of helium and hydrogen (released as forming gas for safety

Structural and Electromagnetic Scenarios for Firefighter Locator Tracking Systems

September 1, 2011
Author(s)
Anthony D. Putorti Jr., Francine K. Amon, Kathryn M. Butler, Catherine A. Remley, William F. Young, Christina Spoons
One of the most important aspects of effective firefighter response to an emergency event is awareness of the location of the firefighters involved, especially in cases with limited visibility due to darkness, heavy smoke, or unfamiliar and changing

Performance of New and Aged Residential Fire Sprinklers

August 31, 2011
Author(s)
Anthony D. Putorti Jr., William F. Guthrie, Jason D. Averill, Richard G. Gann
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) initiated a program to determine the effects of emissions from problem drywall on residential electrical, gas distribution, and fire safety components. As part of this program, the National Institute of

Nucleation and Growth of Freshly-Formed Particles from Limonene Ozonolysis

August 30, 2011
Author(s)
Chi P. Hoang, Dong H. Rim, Lance L. Wallace, Andrew K. Persily
In building environments, oxidation reactions involving ozone and terpenoids lead to nano-sized particle formation [Jang et al. 1999]. Low volatility products of these reactions are important and add to particle mass concentrations in air through

DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR VOC EMISSIONS TESTING

August 29, 2011
Author(s)
Zhe Liu, Cynthia H. Reed, Steve Cox, John Little
To improve the reliability and accuracy of tests used to measure emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from samples of interior building products, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Virginia Tech (VT) have created a

Indoor Air Quality in Energy Efficient Buildings

August 29, 2011
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, Steven J. Emmerich
Building energy efficiency has been an important goal for decades. Since the energy crisis of the 1970s, much has been learned about how to improve energy efficiency in buildings. More recently, given increases in energy costs and concerns about the

SRM 1450d, Fibrous-Glass Board, for Thermal Conductivity from 280 K to 340 K

August 1, 2011
Author(s)
Robert R. Zarr, Amanda C. Harris, John F. Roller, Stefan D. Leigh
Thermal conductivity measurements at and near room temperature are presented as the basis for certified values of thermal conductivity for SRM 1450d, Fibrous Glass Board. The measurements have been conducted in accordance with a randomized full factorial

Initial Reconnaissance of the 2011 Wildland-Urban Interfaces Fires in Amarillo, Texas

July 27, 2011
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, William Mell, Karen Ridenour, Derek McNamara
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is working to reduce the risk of fire spread in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) communities. An objective of this work is to develop first generation tools for improved risk assessment and risk

Comparison of Gas Velocity Measurements and CFD Predictions in the Exhaust Duct of a Stationary Source

July 13, 2011
Author(s)
Rodney A. Bryant, Olatunde B. Sanni, Elizabeth F. Moore, Robert P. Borthwick, Marco G. Fernandez, Iosif I. Shinder, Jiann C. Yang, Aaron N. Johnson
Two series of independent flow measurements were conducted for cross validation of flow velocity in the exhaust duct of the NIST Large Fire Laboratory. In the first series, two pressure measurement probe types, an S probe and a 3-D probe, were used to
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