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Fire

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Displaying 551 - 575 of 3910

Operation Tomodachi -Fire Research Special Issue

July 1, 2016
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
NIST’s Engineering Laboratory (EL-NIST) hosted “Operation Tomodachi – Fire Research” on March 16-18, 2015 in Gaithersburg, MD USA. Tomodachi means friendship in Japanese. This workshop was organized by Dr. Samuel L. Manzello of EL-NIST in partnership with

Numerical modeling of heat transfer in steel-concrete composite slabs

June 10, 2016
Author(s)
Jian Jiang, Joseph A. Main, Jonathan M. Weigand, Fahim Sadek
This paper presents detailed and reduced-order numerical modeling of heat transfer in composite floor slabs with profiled steel decking. The detailed modeling approach represents the concrete slab with solid elements and the steel decking with shell

Movement on Stairs During Building Evacuations

June 8, 2016
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Erica D. Kuligowski, Robert C. Hagwood
The time that it takes an occupant population to reach safety when descending a stair during building evacuations is typically estimated by measureable engineering variables such as stair geometry, speed, stair density, and pre-observation delay. In turn

High-temperature material constitutive models for structural-fire analysis

June 7, 2016
Author(s)
Chao Zhang, Lisa Choe, John L. Gross
The applicability of three steel constitutive models was evaluated using finite-element analyses and various member capacity equations. Three different high-temperature stress-strain models were compared: the model recently developed by the National

The performance of structural steel beams subject to a localized fire

June 7, 2016
Author(s)
Lisa Choe, Selvarajah Ramesh, Chao Zhang, John L. Gross
This paper presents the results from the open flame, localized fire tests conducted on the 6.17-m long, simply supported W16×26 beam specimens. The cross sections at midspan (i.e. expected plastic hinge zone) of the beam specimen directly exposed to the

An Improved Method Of Modeling Infiltration In Commercial Building Energy Models

June 1, 2016
Author(s)
Lisa C. Ng, Steven J. Emmerich, Andrew K. Persily
Different strategies for improving building envelope thermal performance are being implemented in commercial building design and construction as well as being incorporated into ASHRAE standards and other design requirements. The energy impacts of

Premixed flame inhibition by CF3Br and C3H2F3Br (2-BTP)

June 1, 2016
Author(s)
John Pagliaro, Gregory T. Linteris, Nicolas Bouvet
The un-stretched burning velocities and Markstein lengths of premixed CH4- and C3H8-air flames with added C3H2F3Br (2-BTP) or CF3Br (Halon 1301), have been studied experimentally and numerically. The predicted un-stretched burning velocities, using a

Guidance for the Model User on Representing Human Behavior in Egress Models

May 24, 2016
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve Gwynne, Michael Kinsey, Lynn Hulse
Structures are currently designed and constructed in accordance with prescriptive and performance-based (PBD) methodologies to ensure a certain level of safety. The performance-based approach requires the quantification of both ASET (Available Safe Egress

Calibration of rheometers for cementitious materials

May 16, 2016
Author(s)
Chiara F. Ferraris, Nicos Martys, William L. George, Edward J. Garboczi, Alex Olivas
The calibration of rheometers to determine the rheological properties of cement based materials ranging from cement paste to concrete cannot be done using standard oils as they are cost prohibitive and do not possess sufficient granularity to test slip

Human Response to and Consequences of the May 22, 2011, Joplin Tornado

May 15, 2016
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Frank Lombardo, Long T. Phan
Tornadoes wreak havoc and destruction across the United States every year. One such tornado occurred in Joplin, Missouri on May 22, 2011. This tornado killed 161 people, damaged nearly 8,000 structures and caused billions of dollars in damage. This chapter

Temperature-Dependent Material Modeling for Structural Steels: Formulation and Application

April 15, 2016
Author(s)
Mina S. Seif, William E. Luecke, Lisa Y. Choe, Joseph A. Main, Joseph D. McColskey, Chao Zhang, Jonathan M. Weigand, John L. Gross, Fahim Sadek
This report presents the formulation and application of a newly developed temperature-dependent material model for structural steels. First it presents a model for computing the stress-strain behavior of structural steel for conditions appropriate to fire

Heat Release Rates of Electrical Enclosure Fires (HELEN-FIRE)

April 8, 2016
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Scott D. Bareham
This report documents an experimental program to quantify the heat release rate and burning behavior of electrical enclosures commonly found in nuclear power plants. Electrical enclosures are a potential source of fire in nuclear power plants because they

Transition to Low-GWP Refrigerants: Options and Tradeoffs

April 6, 2016
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are commonly used as refrigerants in air-conditioning equipment, are potent greenhouse gases and will need to be replaced. In search of suitable replacements, a recent study performed a comprehensive screening of a database

Understanding Overpressure in the FAA Aerosol Can Test by C3H2F3Br (2-BTP)

March 18, 2016
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Valeri I. Babushok, John L. Pagliaro, Jeffrey A. Manion, Donald R. Burgess Jr., Fumiaki Takahashi, Viswanath R. Katta, Patrick T. Baker
Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, as well as perfectly-stirred reactor (PSR) simulations with detailed reaction kinetics, are performed for a potential halon replacement, C3H2F3Br (2-BTP, C3H2F3Br, 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene), to understand the

Finite element modeling of structural steel component failure at elevated temperatures

March 12, 2016
Author(s)
Mina S. Seif, Joseph A. Main, Jonathan M. Weigand, Therese P. McAllister, William E. Luecke
A key issue in evaluating the response of structural systems to fire effects is the representation of material behavior at elevated temperatures. In addition to stress-strain behavior, modeling of fracture is required to capture failure modes such as tear

CONTAM RESULTS EXPORT TOOL

March 9, 2016
Author(s)
Brian Polidoro, Lisa Ng, William Stuart Dols
CONTAM is a multizone indoor air quality and ventilation analysis program developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Since CONTAM simulation files are binary and not human-readable, the CONTAM Results Export Tool was created to
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