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Displaying 2826 - 2850 of 3902

Modeling of Sprinkler, Vent and Draft Curtain Interaction

July 5, 1999

Author(s)

Kevin B. McGrattan, Anthony P. Hamins, Glenn P. Forney

The International Fire Sprinkler, Smoke & Heat Vent, Draft Curtain Fire Test Project organized by the National Fire Protection Research Foundation (NFPRF) brought together a group of industrial sponsors to support and plan a series of large scale tests to

Numerical Modeling of Counterflow Diffusion Flames Inhibited by Iron Pentacarbonyl

July 5, 1999

Author(s)

M D. Rumminger, Gregory T. Linteris

This paper presents the first detailed numerical study of the extinction of methane-air counterflow diffusion flames by the super-effective agent iron pentacarbonyl. Calculations using a gas-phase chemical mechanism reproduce the magnitude of inhibition

Particulate Entry Lag in Spot-Type Smoke Detectors

July 5, 1999

Author(s)

Thomas G. Cleary, Artur A. Chernovsky, William L. Grosshandler, Michael D. Anderson

It is well documented that alarm signals from spot-type smoke detectors (ionization and photoelectric) are delayed when the threshold value has been achieved outside the detector housing as a result of convective transport of smoke through the detector to

Cumulative Seismic Damage of Circular Bridge Columns: Benchmark and Low-Cycle Fatigue Tests

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

A El-Bahy, S K. Kunnath, William C. Stone, A W. Taylor

An experimental study was undertaken to investigate cumulative damage in reinforced concrete circular bridge piers subjected to a series of earthquake excitations. Twelve identical quarter-scale bridge columns, designed in accordance with current AASHTO

Digital Images and Computer Modelling

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

Edward J. Garboczi, Dale P. Bentz, Nicos Martys

This chapter describes how digital images of porous materials can be analyzed to give information about the structure and properties of the material, describes various ways 3-D digital-image-based models can be generated to help understand real materials.

Dispersed Liquid Agent Fire Suppression Screen Apparatus

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

Jiann C. Yang, Michelle K. Donnelly, William L. Grosshandler, N C. Prive

The design, construction, demonstraion and operation of a bench-scale device capable of screening the fire suppression efficiency of liquid agents are described in detail in this report. The apparatus is based on a well-characterized flame, a means to

Large Scale Simulations of Single and Multi-Component Flow in Porous Media

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

Nicos Martys, John G. Hagedorn, D S. Goujon, J E. Devaney

We examine the utility of the lattice Boltzmann method for modeling fluid flow in large microstructures. First, results of permeability calculations are compared to predicted values for several idealized geometries. Large scale simulations of fluid flow

Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Single and Multi-Component Flow in Porous Media

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

Nicos Martys, John G. Hagedorn, J E. Devaney

We examine the utility of the lattice Boltzmann method for modeling fluid flow in porous media. First the lattice Boltzmann method is validated for the case of single component flow in several idealized flow geometries. Large scale simulations of fluid

Measurement of the Rheological Properties of Cement Paste: A New Approach

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

Chiara F. Ferraris

This paper presents a new approach for predicting the rheological properties of concrete from rheological measurements on cement paste and from concrete composition. This approach requires measurement of the cement paste rheology under the same conditions

On-Line Monitoring and Fault Detection of Control System Performance

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

J E. Seem, J House, R H. Monroe

Modern energy management and control systems have alarm and trend features that allow building operators to monitor and troubleshoot building systems. The alarm feature can provide nearly immediate feedback when, for instance, a sensor value is ourside

Report from the 2nd Workshop on: Characterization and Modeling of the Interface/Interphase of Polymeric Materials and Systems December 7 and 8, 1998

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

Tinh Nguyen, Charles C. Han, Richard R. Cavanagh, R Ryntz

The interface/interphase region plays a fundamental role in a wide range of polymeric materials and systems such as polymer blends and alloys, nanocomposites, particle-filled systems, paints on plastics and metals, electronic packagings, and fiber

Survey of Fire Detection Technologies and System Evaluation/Certification Methodologies and Their Suitablity for Aircraft Cargo Compartments (NISTIR 6356)

July 1, 1999

Author(s)

Thomas G. Cleary, William L. Grosshandler

As part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) initiated program on global civil aviation, NIST is assisting the Federal Aviation Administration in its research to improve fire detection in aircraft cargo compartments. Improved fire

Development of a Hazard-Based Method for Evaluating the Fire Safety of Passenger Trains

June 29, 1999

Author(s)

Richard W. Bukowski, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Jason D. Averill, S. H. Markos

The fire safety of U.S. passenger rail trains currently is addressed through small-scale flammability and smoke emission tests and performance criteria promulgated by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The FRA approach relies heavily on test

Evaluating Multi-Sensor Fire Detectors in the Fire Emulator/Detector Evaluator

June 29, 1999

Author(s)

Thomas G. Cleary, Michael D. Anderson, Jason D. Averill, William L. Grosshandler

NIST has developed the Fire Emulator/Detector Evaluator (FE/DE) for the purpose of testing detectors in a controlled environment. The FE/DE is a flow tunnel where fire or nuisance source characteristics can be controlled so that a detector placed in the FE

On the Design of an Apparatus for Screening Liquid Fire Suppressants

June 29, 1999

Author(s)

Jiann C. Yang, Michelle K. Donnelly, N C. Prive, William L. Grosshandler

This paper discusses the design and use of an apparatus for evaluating the effectiveness of liquid fire suppression agents as possible replacements for halon 1301. The apparatus consists of a porous cylindrical burner located in the test section of a

Comparison of Wind Loading Estimates Based on Extreme Speeds and Squares of Extreme Speeds

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Emil Simiu, A N. Heckert, James J. Filliben

The hypothesis that better estimates of wind force extremes are obtained by analyzing time series of squares of wind speeds, rather than time series of wind speeds, has been considered in the engineering literature. We present results of Monte Carlo

Defining Flashover for Fire Hazard Calculations

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Richard W. Bukowski, Vyto Babrauskas

As the use of performance-based methods for evaluating the fire behavior of materials and systems becomes more widespread, objective criteria to judge fire behavior become more important. This paper reviews techniques for predicting the most common of

Energy Impacts of Infiltration and Ventilation in U.S. Office Buildings Using Multizone Airflow Simulation

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Andrew K. Persily, Steven J. Emmerich

With exception of a few analyses of the impacts of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 and energy use in specific buildings, the energy used in commercial buildings due to infiltration and ventilation flows has received little attention. However, as improvements

Estimating the 95th Percentile of the Paste-Void Spacing Distribution in Hardened Cement Paste Containing Air Entrainment

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Kenneth A. Snyder

The spacing equations of Powers, Philleo, and Pleau and Pigeon are used to estimate the uniform thickness of paste surrounding entrained air voids that is required to encompass 95 % of the air-paste system. Spacing equation accuracy is determined by

Mean-Field-Scaling in Lattice Boltzmann Fluid Mixtures

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Nicos Martys, Jack F. Douglas

Basic equilibrium properties of Lattice Boltzmann (LB) fluid mixtures (coexistence curve, surface tension, and interfacial profile) are calculated to characterize the critical phenomena occurring in these model liquids and to establish a reduced variable

New Flame Retardants Consortium: Flame Retardant Mechanism of Silica. Final Report (NISTIR 6357)

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Jeffrey W. Gilman, Takashi Kashiwagi, Marc R. Nyden, Richard H. Harris Jr.

The results of a two year research project carried out with the "New Flame Retardants Consortium" are reported. This investigation into the flame retardant mechanism of silica gel and other forms of silica has determined that the silica FR mechanism is

Performance of Tape-Bonded Seams of EPDM Membranes: Resistance to Peel-Creep

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

Walter J. Rossiter Jr, M Vangel, K M. Kraft

This paper provides a summary of the major results of an industry-government consortium study on the creep resistance of tape-bonded seams of EPDM roof membranes. The study was undertaken to compare the creep-rupture performance of tape-bonded and liquid

The Optimal Pricing of Publicly Supplied Private Goods: A Case Study of NIST Standard Reference Materials

June 1, 1999

Author(s)

S Fuller, J J. Cordes

This study provides a framework for determining optimal prices and production plans for a welfare-maximizing public enterprise that producesmultiple goods, faces a budget constraint, and is obligated to meet all demand. Public enterprises often operate

Determination of Water Spray Drop Size and Speed From a Standard Orifice, Pendent Spray Sprinkler. Report of Test.

May 27, 1999

Author(s)

Anthony D. Putorti Jr., T D. Belsinger, W H. Twilley

In order to characterize the water spray from a standard orifice,pendent spray sprinkler, measurements were made using an optical array probe droplet analyzer. the water droplet sizes and speeds from the sprinkler were measured at various locations in the

Cyanate Ester Clay Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Flammability Studies

May 23, 1999

Author(s)

Jeffrey W. Gilman, Richard H. Harris Jr., Douglas Hunter

New goals outlined by the U. S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advanced Fire-Safe Aircraft Materials Research Program enumerate an order-of-magnitude improvement in aircraft cabin-material fire safety. In the pursuit of improved approaches to the

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