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Fire

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Displaying 2726 - 2750 of 3902

Simulation of Fluid Flow and Permeability in Cohesionless Soils

April 1, 2000

Author(s)

E Masad, B Muhunthan, Nicos Martys

This paper reports on a new laboratory methodology for the determination of the structure of pores, a method for the analysis of the data to obtain the statistics of the pore structure distribution, simulation of porous media with statistics consistent

The Past, Present, and Future of the Computational Materials Science of Concrete

April 1, 2000

Author(s)

Edward J. Garboczi, Dale P. Bentz, G J. Frohnsdorff

The computational materials science of concrete has developed rapidly in the last 15 years. This development has been strongly tied to the even more rapid advances in computer processor speed and memory during this same time, without which progress in the

Phenolic Cyanate Ester Clay Nanocomposites: Effect of Ammonium Ion Structure on Flammability and Nano-Dispersion.

March 26, 2000

Author(s)

Jeffrey W. Gilman, Richard H. Harris Jr., C L. Jackson, A B. Morgan, L D. Brassell, D L. Hunter

Development of a Continuous Flow Flame Test Extruder for High-Throughput Formulation and Screening of Flame Retardants and More Fire Resistant Materials

March 12, 2000

Author(s)

Marc R. Nyden, Jeffrey W. Gilman

The purpose of this paper is to initiate discussion on the viability of using a high-throughput approach, based on the combinatorial methodology that has been successfully employed in the pharmaceutical industry, to formulate and screen new flame

A Research Program to Determine When and How to Include Sublethal Effects of Smoke in Fire Safety Decisions

March 7, 2000

Author(s)

Richard G. Gann

It has long been realized that the sublethal effects of smoke can affect survival in fires, but only sparse data were available on which to base fire safety decisions. A recent draft standard under consideration in the International Standards Organization

Development of a NIST Standard Reference Database for Thermal Conductivity of Building Materials

March 1, 2000

Author(s)

Robert R. Zarr, G R. Dalton, S M. Fioravante

The development of a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Database for the thermal conductivity of building materials is presented. The source of the data is the collection of thermal conductivity measurements produced

Estimation of Absorbed Photolytic Dosage and Quantum Yields Using UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies

March 1, 2000

Author(s)

Jonathan W. Martin, Tinh Nguyen, E Byrd, N Embree

An effective dosage model has been introduced for predicting the service life of polymeric materials exposed to UV light. The effective dosage model, which relates material damage through the apparent quantum yield, has a firm basis in the priciples of

Heating, Spalling Characteristics and Residual Properties of High Performance Concrete

March 1, 2000

Author(s)

Long T. Phan, James R. Lawson, Frank L. Davis

Results of part of an ongoing research program, being conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to study effects of elevated temperature exposure on performance of high performance concrete (HPC), are presented. One of the

Influence of Polymer Melt Behavior on Flammability (NISTIR 6588)

March 1, 2000

Author(s)

Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Kathryn M. Butler

As the initial step in a study of the role of polymer melt viscosity in polymer burning behavior, a simpler, non-burning configuration has been examined. Vertical slabs of two types of polypropylene have been subjected to uniform radiative heating on one

Inhibition of Premixed Carbon Monoxide-Hydrogen-Oxygen-Nitrogen Flames by Iron Pentacarbonyl

March 1, 2000

Author(s)

M D. Rumminger, Gregory T. Linteris

This paper presents measurements of the burning velocity of premixed CO-H2-O2-N2 flames with and without the inhibitor Fe(CO)5 over a range of initial H2 and O2 mole fractions. A numerical model is used to simulate the flame inhibition using a gas-phase

Integrating Fire Systems with Other Building Automation and Controls Systems

March 1, 2000

Author(s)

Steven T. Bushby

There are many economic and operational reasons to integrate fire systems with other building automation systems. Integration of this kind requires communication standards and careful design practices. BACnet is an internationally recognized communication

Semi-Theoretical Simulation Model for a Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Mobile A/C System

March 1, 2000

Author(s)

J S. Brown, Piotr A. Domanski

This paper describes a semi-theoretical simulation model, CYCLE11_CO2, for a transcritical carbon dioxide vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. CYCLE_11CO2 is based on an earlier simulation model, CYCLE11-UA, developed at the National Institute of

Technical Reference for CFAST: An Engineering Tool for Estimating Fire and Smoke Transport (NIST TN 1431)

March 1, 2000

Author(s)

Walter W. Jones, Glenn P. Forney, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke

CFAST is a zone model capable of predicting the environment in a multi-compartment structure subjected to a fire. It calculates the time evolving distribution of smoke and fire gases and the temperature throughout a building during a user-specified fire

Automated Earthmoving Status Determination

February 28, 2000

Author(s)

William C. Stone, Geraldine S. Cheok, Robert R. Lipman

Efforts are underway at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop automated non-intrusive production measurement systems and procedures for monitoring the status of general earthmoving operations at typical construction sites

Construction Metrology Standards in Orbiting Facility Construction, Maintenance, and Operation

February 27, 2000

Author(s)

D T. Latimer

Space based construction metrology has a great potential for monetary and effort savings through the creation and use of open industry standards to support construction automation in space. Current technology for construction automation in space requires

Sensor-Driven Inverse Zone Fire Model

February 23, 2000

Author(s)

William D. Davis, Glenn P. Forney

As sensor use in buildings becomes more wide spread, it is possible to use this information as input to an inverse fire model in order to enhance the value of the information available from sensors in both fire and non-fire conditions. Typical fire models

A Unified Theory of Deterministic and Noise-Induced Transitions: Melnikov Processes and Their Application in Engineering, Physics and Neuroscience

February 1, 2000

Author(s)

Emil Simiu

For a class of deterministic systems chaotic dynamics entails irregular transitions between motions within a potential well (librations) and motions across a potential barrier (rotations). The necessary condition for the occurrence of chaos -- and

Building and Fire Research Laboratory Activities, Accomplishments, and Recognitions, 1999.

February 1, 2000

Author(s)

J E. Snell

The National Institute of Standards and Technology's Building and Fire Research Laboratory (NIST/BFRL), one of NIST's measurements and standards laboratories, provides the measurement technologies, performance prediction methods, and technical advances

Comparison of FPETool:FIRE SIMULATOR With Data From Full Scale Experiments (NISTIR 6470)

February 1, 2000

Author(s)

R Vettori, Daniel M. Madrzykowski

A comparison of the compartment zone fire model FPETool:FIRE SIMULATOR is made with data from three different full scale experimental compartment fire studies. These three studies represent a variation of room geometry, ventilation factors, thermal

Measurement and Simulation of the IAQ Impact of Particle Cleaners in a Single-Zone Building

February 1, 2000

Author(s)

Steven J. Emmerich, Steven J. Nabinger

This report describes the initial phase of an effort to evaluate the ability of multizone airflow and pollutant transport models to predict the impact of residential IAQ control technologies. Measurements of the performance of several particulate air

Modeling Study of Ventilation in Manufactured Houses

February 1, 2000

Author(s)

Andrew K. Persily, S R. Martin

The HUD Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (Part 3280, 1994) contain a number of requirements intended to provide adequate levels of outdoor air to the occupants of manufactured homes. In the implementation of these standards, some

New Approaches to the Development of Fire-Safe Materials (NISTIR 6465)

February 1, 2000

Author(s)

A B. Morgan, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Marc R. Nyden, C L. Jackson

Thermoplastic polyetherimide-clay nanocomposites were synthesized from 1,3-phenylenediamine and bisphenol A dianhydride using an in situ approach. Two types of organically treated clays were utilized to synthesize these nanocomposites. The two organically

Using VRML in Construction Industry Applications

February 1, 2000

Author(s)

Robert R. Lipman, K A. Reed

This paper describes initial research using the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML97) in construction industry applications. The modeling of steel structures and construction equipment as objects for inclusion in construction-site world models was

An Internet Database for Thermal Transmission Properties of Insulating and Building Materials

January 31, 2000

Author(s)

Robert R. Zarr, G R. Dalton

The source of the data is the collection of thermal conductivity data produced by NIST from 1933 to 1983 using their 200 mm guarded-hot-plate apparatus. During its service, the apparatus was considered the U.S. National standard for thermal conductivity

A User's Guide for FAST: Engineering Tools for Estimating Fire Growth and Smoke Transport

January 3, 2000

Author(s)

Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Walter W. Jones, Richard W. Bukowski, Glenn P. Forney

FAST is a collection of fire modeling tools which uses the underlying fire model CFAST and adds the routines of FIREFORM to provide engineering calculations of fire phenomena in compartmented structures. This manual provides documentation and examples for

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