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Fire

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Displaying 2751 - 2775 of 3902

Advanced Propellant/Additive Development for Fire Suppressing Gas Generators

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
Stephen Fallis, Russell Reed, Paul Wierenga, Gary Holland, Yue-Cherng Lu
The “Advanced Propellant/Additive Development for Gas Generator” project is a collaborative effort between Primex Aerospace Company (PAC) and the Naval Air Warfare Center-Weapons Division (NAWCWD) at China Lake, CA. The objective of this NGP project is to

Chaotic Resonance, Hopping Rates, Spectra and Signal-to-Noise Ratios

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
A Kovaleva, Emil Simiu
We consider a noise-free bistable system with a low frequency signal and a secondary harmonic excitation that causes the systemto experience chaotic motion with a broadband portion of the output spectrum. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is defined on

Combustion Research Studies at the National Institute of Standards and Technology

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, William L. Grosshandler, Anthony P. Hamins, William M. Pitts, Cary Presser, Wing Tsang
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a federal agency within the Technology Administration of the Department of Commerce. NIST's primary mission is to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards to promote economic

Fire Dynamics Simulator: Technical Reference Guide (NISTIR 6467)

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Howard R. Baum, Ronald G. Rehm, Anthony P. Hamins, Glenn P. Forney
The idea that the dynamics of a fire might be studied numerically dates back to the beginning of the computer age. Indeed, the fundamental conservation equations governing fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and combustion were first written down over a century

Fire Dynamics Simulator: User's Manual (NISTIR 6469)

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Glenn P. Forney
Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire-driven fluid flow. The software described in this document solves numerically a form of the Navier-Stokes equations appropriate for low-speed, thermally-driven flow with an

Flammability of Polystyrene-Clay Nanocomposites

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
A B. Morgan, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Richard H. Harris Jr., C L. Jackson, C A. Wilkie, J Zhu
Research in the area of condensed phase flame retardants for polymers usually builds upon existing technologies, such as metal hydroxides (alumina, magnesium hydroxide) or phosphorus based materials. However, these materials tend to weaken mechanical

Ladars for Construction Assessment and Update

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
Geraldine S. Cheok, William C. Stone, Robert R. Lipman, Christoph J. Witzgall
Work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on laser radar imaging of a construction site is described. The objective of the NIST research is to make measurements required in a construction project quicker and cheaper than current

Molecular Level Design of Fire Retardants and Suppressants (NISTIR 6275)

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
Marc R. Nyden
The various methods that comprise the field of molecular modeling are reviewed in the context of their potential for application to the molecular level design of new fire retardants and suppressants. The capabilities of these techniques are demonstrated by

Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Thermal Stability of Organic Cationic Treatments

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, A B. Morgan, Richard H. Harris Jr., Paul C. Trulove, H DeLong, T E. Sutto
Nanocomposites result from the combination of materials with different properties at the nanometer scale. Some examples of these include: polymers combined with layered-silicate, polymers combined with nano-silica, hybrid materials prepared by sol-gel

Reduced Gravity Combustion of Thermoplastic Spheres

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, Anthony P. Hamins, Michelle K. Donnelly
A series of low-gravity experiments were conducted to investigate the combustion of supported thermoplastic polymer spheres under varying ambient conditions. The three types of thermoplastics investigated were polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene

Seismic Rehabilitation Design of Steel Moment Connection with Welded Haunch

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
Q -. Yu, Chia-Ming Uang, John L. Gross
This paper describes a design procedure for the seismic rehabilitation of pre-Northridge steel moment connections using a welded haunch. Experimental results from cyclic testing of full-scale specimens demonstrated that welding a triangular haunch beneath

Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
William L. Grosshandler, R Charagundla, Anthony P. Hamins, Kevin B. McGrattan, Cary Presser
Because of its many positive attributes, halon 1301 or trifluorobromomethane (CF 3Br), has been used as a fire extinguishing agent in many applications, including aircraft, ships, and specialized structures. Due to its high ozone depletion potential

Computerizing Concrete Technology Knowledge

December 1, 1999
Author(s)
G J. Frohnsdorff, L J. Kaetzel
The ability to organize, store, process, and exchange knowledge of concrete using computers is growing rapidly. Without fully knowing what will be possible in the future, it is apparent that computers will bring great changes to the way knowledge of

Deterioration of Iowa Highway Concrete Pavements: A Petrographic Study

December 1, 1999
Author(s)
Paul E. Stutzman
Major highway concrete pavements in Iowa have exhibited premature deterioration attributed to effects of ettringite formation, alkali-silica expansive reactions, and to frost attack, or some combination of them. These pavements were constructed in the mid

Scotch Pine Christmas Tree Fire Tests. REPORT OF TEST FR 4010

December 1, 1999
Author(s)
D W. Stroup, Laurean A. DeLauter, Jack C. Lee, G Roadarmel
A series of fire tests were conducted to characterize the potential hazard from ignition of Scotch Pine Christmas trees. Heat release rate was measured as a function of time from ignition using a large calorimeter. In addition, radiative flux and total
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